Plant-Based Meat vs Animal "Red" Meat Trial

Plant-Based Meat vs Animal "Red" Meat: a Randomized Cross-over Trial

To assess the changes in the circulating levels of TMAO after 1-week of beef or plant-based burger diet.

Single-center, randomized, single-blinded cross-over trial including healthy adult participants (N=40, omnivores, aged between 25 and 65 years, and with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 40 kg/m2 (see participation criteria below). Participants will be randomized to either red meat (cow burger) or plant "meat" (plant-based burger). The primary outcome will be the within-group change in the TMAO levels.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ≥ 25 years and ≤65 of age
• BMI ≥20 Kg/m2 and ≤40 Kg/m2
• No known kidney disease
• No antibiotics in the previous 30 days

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any person who does not meet the above criteria and/or who refuses to participate
• Food allergies (specific ingredients contained in the patties)