In people with type 2 diabetes, the body does not make enough of a hormone called insulin or does not use insulin well. This results in high blood sugar levels.

People with diabetes are more likely to have non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) compared to people who do not have diabetes. Having both NVAF and diabetes can increase the chances of developing other serious health conditions, like blood clots and strokes.

People with NVAF may receive treatments to help lower the risk of blood clots. This can then help to lower the risk of having a stroke. Two of these treatments are rivaroxaban and warfarin.

In this study, the researchers will look at how well rivaroxaban works and how safe it is compared to warfarin in routine clinical practice. The study will include men and women who are at least age 18 and who have NVAF and type 2 diabetes.

The researchers in this study will use the participants' health information from an electronic database.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Be ≥18 years of age at the time of anticoagulation initiation
• Have diagnoses of type 2 diabetes and Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)
• Have no record of prior oral anticoagulant (OAC) use in the prior 12-months
• Newly initiated on Rivaroxaban or Warfarin (index date)
• Have ≥12-months of electronic health record (EHR) activity prior to the index date and received care documented in the EHR database from at least one provider in the 12-months prior

Exclusion Criteria:

• Evidence of valvular heart disease defined as any rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis or mitral valve repair/replacement
• Pregnancy
• Use of rivaroxaban doses other than 15 mg once daily or 20 mg once daily or the presence of other indication(s) for OAC use
• Any prior OAC utilization per written prescription or self-report at baseline

The study is using Optum electronic health record (EHR) database. The study population of interest will be US participants with Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and comorbid type 2 diabetes, oral anticoagulation (OAC)-naïve and newly-initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin, be active in the data set and have received care.

Availability of this study's data will be determined according to Bayer's commitment to the EFPIA/PhRMA "Principles for responsible clinical trial data sharing". This pertains to scope, timepoint and process of data access. As such, Bayer commits to sharing upon request from qualified researchers patient-level clinical trial data, study-level clinical trial data, and protocols from clinical trials in patients for medicines and indications approved in the US and EU as necessary for conducting legitimate research. This applies to data on new medicines and indications that have been approved by the EU and US regulatory agencies on or after January 01, 2014. Interested researchers can use www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com to request access to anonymized patient-level data and supporting documents from clinical studies to conduct research. Information on the Bayer criteria for listing studies and other relevant information is provided in the Study sponsors section of the portal.