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To investigate the feasibility of auscultation to confirm the endotracheal tube position by using electronic stethoscope for clinicians who wear the full personal protective equipment.
After the pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries, the number of critical ill patients are rapidly growing. Critical ill COVID-19 patients inevitably require endotracheal intubation for ventilator support. The chest X-rays, ultrasound, and stethoscope are three tools that can detect whether or not bronchial intubation has occurred. Auscultation by using the stethoscope is the routine first-line tool for this purpose. However, clinician who wears the full personal protective equipment (PPE) is very difficult to perform adequate auscultation with conventional stethoscope. In addition, the X-ray machines and ultrasound are very difficult to enter the negative-pressure isolation room and may raise the risks of infection spread. By using the electronic stethoscope amplified by the Bluetooth speaker, the clinician with full PPE may still hear the proper lung sound. In addition, electronic stethoscope has a good portability that can be easily brought into the isolation room. For patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia, endotracheal tube is often mandatory and auscultation with stethoscope is routinely applied. Therefore, the investigators can simulate the circumstance that clinician with a full PPE to use the electronic stethoscope for confirmation of the proper endotracheal tube position. In addition, patients undergoing thoracic surgery require the single-lung ventilation which could be a proper simulation scenario for detection of bronchial intubation by using electronic stethoscope for clinicians with PPE.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electronic auscultation |
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| Conventional ausculatation |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| auscultation by using conventional stethoscope without PPE | Diagnostic Test | In thoracic patients undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal tube/endobronchial blocker, Clinician will check the position of endotracheal tube and endobronchial blocker under fiberscope. Afterward, investigator A will perform auscultation with traditional auscultation, then investigator B with electronic stethoscope under full PPE, to examine bilateral breathing sound. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The ability to detect selective lung isolation states | Perform the auscultation by investigator A with traditional stethoscope, then by investigator B with electronic stethoscope under full PPE, to detect bronchial or tracheal intubation. The accuracy of successful detection (%) is the primary outcome. | 90 seconds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| User experience of the electronic stethoscope | After complete of the trial, participant physicians will be asked to report the questionnaire of the experience of using electronic stethoscope. | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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consecutive patients meeting the eligibility criteria undergoing thoracic surgery in general anesthesia with endotracheal tube insertion and bronchial blocker will be assessed for informed consent
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Chun-Yu Wu, PhD | National Taiwan University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taiwan National Taiwan University Hospital | Taipei | 100 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26950708 | Background | Ramsingh D, Frank E, Haughton R, Schilling J, Gimenez KM, Banh E, Rinehart J, Cannesson M. Auscultation versus Point-of-care Ultrasound to Determine Endotracheal versus Bronchial Intubation: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Anesthesiology. 2016 May;124(5):1012-20. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001073. |
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| auscultation by using electronic stethoscope in full PPE | Diagnostic Test | In thoracic patients undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal tube/endobronchial blocker, Clinician will check the position of endotracheal tube and endobronchial blocker under fiberscope. Afterward, investigator A will perform auscultation with traditional auscultation, then investigator B with electronic stethoscope under full PPE, to examine bilateral breathing sound. |
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