Retrospectively enrolled suspicious of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients who underwent left heart catheterization with the measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a poorly understood clinical syndrome without effective targeted therapies. The clinical syndrome of HFpEF develops from a complex interaction of several risk factors such as aging, obesity, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and arterial stiffness that cause organ dysfunction and, ultimately, clinical symptoms. Although the H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF scores have recently been proposed to estimate the probability of HFpEF in patients suffering from unexplained dyspnea, diagnosing HFpEF remains still challenging. The aim of the current registry was to evaluate the role of invasive left heart catheterization with the measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in suspicious of HFpEF patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%
• Patients who had a symptom and/or signs of heart failure (dyspnea on exertion, chest discomfort, fatigue, dizziness, or ankle edema)
• Patients who underwent left heart catheterization with the measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

Exclusion Criteria:

• Left ventricular ejection fraction <50%
• Acute coronary syndrome
• More than moderate valvular heart disease
• Primary cardiomyopathies such as dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension
• Heart transplantation
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Retrospectively enrolled symptomatic patients who underwent left heart catheterization