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Primary objective of this study is to identify the compliance of Greek people in mask-wearing directive and explore potential associations with refractive errors, spectacles and contact lenses use.
Present study aims to identify whether Greek people have complied with mask-wearing directive and to investigate the correlation of outcomes with visual acuity - refractive errors, spectacles and contact lenses use. For the purposes of this research, a questionnaire of 20 items including the following sub scales have been developed: a) near vision, b) distance vision, c) ocular discomfort, d) driving, e) limitations, need for help, work collaboration, and emotional impact
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study group | People who use social networks, with permanent residence in Greece, aged above 18 years old and adequate literacy of Greek language |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire completion | Behavioral | Participants are contacted through social networks (Facebook) which provide a link to website that contains the questionnaire. Then, they complete the questionnaire which consists of the following 2 parts:
The impact of spectacles on the compliance of Greek people to mask-wearing directives will be assessed via this questionnaire. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics |
| last 3 months |
| Compliance to mask-wearing directives | Compliance to mask-wearing directives
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Near vision | Difficulty in near vision activities (reading a printed document in the workplace or in daily life, reading a document on computer in the workplace or in daily life, reading a message on mobile phone) when using a face mask
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Distance vision | Difficulty in distance vision activities (recognizing people on the opposite sidewalk, reading road and shop signs, crossing roads) when using a face mask
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Ocular discomfort | Ocular discomfort (tearing sensation, stinging sensation, general discomfort) when using a face mask 5-point Likert scale (1 = I absolutely agree / 5 = I absolutely disagree) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the use of spectacles | Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the use of spectacles | immediately after the completion of data collection |
| Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the other demographic characteristics |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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People who use social networks, with permanent residence in Greece, aged above 18 years old and adequate literacy of Greek language
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Labiris Georgios, MD, PhD | Department of Ophthalmolgy, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital of Alexandroupolis | Alexandroupoli | Evros | 68100 | Greece |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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|
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Driving | Difficulty in driving (during day or night, in known or unknown places) when using a face mask
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Limitation | Limitation during physical activity, entertainment, social relationships, professional and learning development when using a face mask 5-point Likert scale (1 = I absolutely agree / 5 = I absolutely disagree) | last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Collaboration | Difficulty in collaboration with colleagues in the workplace when using a face mask
| last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Need for help | Need for help during shopping (supermarket, grocery store, bakery) or in public services (bank etc) when using a face mask 5-point Likert scale (1 = I absolutely agree / 5 = I absolutely disagree) | last 3 months |
| Questionnaire subscale: Emotional impact | Emotional charge when using a face mask 5-point Likert scale (1 = I absolutely agree / 5 = I absolutely disagree) | last 3 months |
Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the other demographic characteristics |
| immediately after the completion of data collection |
| Assessment of the relationship between the compliance to mask-wearing directives and the questionnaire items | Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if the compliance to mask-wearing directives is related to the 20 questionnaire items and the corresponding subscales (outcome measures 3-10) | immediately after the completion of data collection |
| Assessment of the relationship between demographic characteristics and the 20 questionnaire items | Chi-squared test will be performed to assess if demographic characteristics are related to the 20 items of the questionnaire and to the corresponding subscales (outcome measures 3-10) | immediately after the completion of data collection |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |