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Using the spermatic cord block has been of great advantage, as it has been cost saving, efficient technique whether used inon its own or combination with a sedative or . Furthermore, it provides minimal cardiac risks, early case ambulation, satisfactory postoperative pain control, as well as a reduced hospital stay and cost. one of the major drawbacks of spermatic cord block is being a single injection technique, leading to a short postoperative analgesia duration. So, to overcome this flaw some adjuvants were proven to prolong the analgesia duration as Dexmetedomidine (Dex), and magnesium.
The technique of the spermatic cord block was first described in the 1960s by Earle AS.Using the spermatic cord block has been of great advantage, as it has been cost saving, efficient technique whether used inon its own or combination with a sedative or . Furthermore, it provides minimal cardiac risks, early case ambulation, satisfactory postoperative pain control, as well as a reduced hospital stay and cost. one of the major drawbacks of spermatic cord block is being a single injection technique, leading to a short postoperative analgesia duration. So, to overcome this flaw some adjuvants were proven to prolong the analgesia duration as Dexmetedomidine (Dex), and magnesium.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| cotrol group | Placebo Comparator |
| |
| dexmedetomidine group | Active Comparator |
| |
| magnesium sulphate group | Active Comparator |
| |
| dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate group | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Test | Drug | Spermatic cord block by18ml levobupivacaine 0.5% plus 2 ml normal saline in total volume of 20 ml. The procedure is repeated on the contralateral side. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time from injection of LA to the first postoperative analgesic request | (duration of the block). | UP TO 1 HOURE |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| heart rate | beat/min | up to 24 hours |
| VAS | 0 No Pain 1-3 Mild Pain (nagging, annoying, interfering little with ADLs) 4-6 Moderate Pain (interferes significantly with ADLs) 7-10 Severe Pain (disabling; unable to perform ADLs) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
the operation only in male
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| mohamad abdulfatah, MD | lecture | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. | Cairo | 11451 | Egypt |
still working
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| D008278 | Magnesium Sulfate |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
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Following skin sterilization and local anesthetic infiltration of the superficial tissues, an echogenic 22-G block needle is inserted in-plane to the ultrasound beam in a cranial-to-caudal direction the spermatic cord in short axis and directed towards the deferent duct, contralateral to the testicular artery. The needle tip was advanced to become contact with the deferent. Correct location of the needle tip was confirmed by injecting 0.5-1 ml to see the local anesthetic spreading around the deferent duct. A total of 18ml levobupivacaine 0.5% are then injected into the spermatic cord block .
The procedure is repeated on the contralateral side.
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Prospective randomized double blinded clinical study on humans
| Dexmedetomidine | Drug | Spermatic cord block by total of 18ml levobupivacaine 0.5% plus 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine in 2 ml in total volume of 20 ml The procedure is repeated on the contralateral side. |
|
| Dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate | Drug | Spermatic cord block by total of 18ml levobupivacaine 0.5% plus 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 100 mg magnesium sulphate in 2 ml in total volume of 20 ml . The procedure is repeated on the contralateral side. |
|
| magnesium sulphate | Drug | Spermatic cord block by total of 18ml levobupivacaine 0.5% plus 100 mg magnesium sulphate in 2 ml in total volume of 20 ml |
|
| up to 24 hours |
| perform SCAB | The mean time needed to perform SCAB | UP TO 1 HOURE |
| total nalbuphine consumption | total nalbuphine consumption | up to 24 hours |
| Incidence of complications | complications | up to 24 hours |
| mean arterial blood pressure | mmHg | up to 24 hours |
| D017616 |
| Magnesium Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D013431 | Sulfates |
| D013464 | Sulfuric Acids |
| D013456 | Sulfur Acids |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |