The intervention (4 individualized counselor-led MI sessions and nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) consisted of four 60-min in-person sessions of AMI counseling and a packet of self-help smoking cessation materials. Participants were provided NRT packs and counseled on their use.

Participants in this condition were provided with four in-person 60-min health education sessions and packets of general health self-help information, nutrition, exercise, and the harmful effects of tobacco. Strategies for quitting smoking were also provided to participants in this group as well as a supply of NRT and counseling on its use.

Intervention consisted of four 60-min in-person sessions of AMI counseling and a packet of self help smoking cessation materials.

participants were asked whether they had smoked or had a puff on a cigarette and the number of cigarettes smoked in the past 7 days at multiple assessment points.

CO, a biomarker of smoking status, was assessed at baseline and 6-m follow up

According to Prochaska and DiClemente ' s Stages of Change model, the stages are: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. It's an ordinal variable that measured at multiple assessment points