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Pulmonary embolism is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular death. Pulmonary embolism may be life-threatening condition with an estimated 30-day mortality rate about 10-30%. In high-risk pulmonary embolism, systemic thrombolysis is indicated, whereas recent development of interventional cardiology has made catheter-directed techniques an important alternative to thrombolytic therapy. The controversy concerns also risk stratification and treatment in intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism patients. A significant percentage of intermediate-high risk patients with pulmonary embolism may experience rapid hemodynamic deterioration and then the prognosis in this group is significantly worse. Catheter-directed techniques are aimed to quickly relive obstruction and restore pulmonary blood flow, thus increasing cardiac output and immediately restoring hemodynamic stability.
The scope of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of catheter-directed approaches in high-risk and intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism patients.
Pulmonary embolism is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular death. Pulmonary embolism may be life-threatening condition with an estimated 30-day mortality rate about 10-30%. In high-risk pulmonary embolism, systemic thrombolysis is indicated, whereas recent development of interventional cardiology has made catheter-directed techniques an important alternative to thrombolytic therapy. The controversy concerns also risk stratification and treatment in intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism patients. A significant percentage of intermediate-high risk patients with pulmonary embolism may experience rapid hemodynamic deterioration and then the prognosis in this group is significantly worse. Catheter-directed techniques are aimed to quickly relive obstruction and restore pulmonary blood flow, thus increasing cardiac output and immediately restoring hemodynamic stability.
The scope of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of catheter-directed approaches in high-risk and intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism patients.
The primary data recorded include details of each patient's clinical status, co-morbidities with the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the implemented catheter-directed therapy, the results of additional studies (lab tests results, electrocardiogram, imaging studies), and the outcome. The study endpoints comprise technical success, clinically relevant procedure-related complications or bleeding events, classified according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 guidelines criteria.
Collecting the fore mentioned data allows for clinicians to better manage the pulmonary embolism patients with increased mortality risk.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Catheter-directed thrombectomy group | Patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated with catheter-directed thrombectomy along with anticoagulation therapy |
| |
| No catheter-directed thrombectomy group | Patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated with anticoagulation therapy alone |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catheter-directed thrombectomy | Device | Using common femoral venous access the pigtail diagnostic catheter will be placed into the main pulmonary artery and an initial pulmonary angiogram will be performed to demonstrate the location and extent of thrombi in pulmonary arteries. Then pulmonary arterial pressures will be measured. Subsequently an Indigo catheter (Penumbra, Alameda, California) will be placed and a direct-aspiration first-pass technique will be performed purposefully to attach a large thrombus to the catheter tip by suction and then pull it out through the sheath. The decision to terminate the intervention will be at operator's discretion after careful evaluation of hemodynamic parameters (restoration of the systolic blood pressure≥100 mmHg, heart rate <100/min), improvement of arterial blood saturation≥ 92%, practicable clot burden reduction and total amount of aspirated blood (no more than 300 ml). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reduction of pulmonary arterial pressures | Incidence of the reduction of systolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures (mmHg) more than 10% immediately after CDT procedure. | Immediately after catheter-directed thrombectomy procedure |
| Reduction of vascular obstruction | Incidence of the at least 50% reduction of vascular obstruction in the angiography assessed with Miller Index score | Immediately after catheter-directed thrombectomy procedure |
| Clinical improvement during catheter-directed thrombectomy (CDT) procedure | Incidence of arterial blood saturation increase >92% | Immediately after catheter-directed thrombectomy procedure |
| Ventricular strain reduction | Rate of right ventricular strain reduction (right ventricle/left ventricle ratio assessment) in echocardiography 24 hours after the CDT. | 24 hours after catheter-directed thrombectomy |
| Early mortality rate from pulmonary embolism | Number of patients who died from pulmonary embolism (right heart failure) during the first 24 hours after CDT. | 24 hours after catheter-directed thrombectomy |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total mortality rate from pulmonary embolism | 1. Number of patients who died from pulmonary embolism (right heart failure) | 3 months after catheter-directed thrombectomy |
| Bleeding events incidence |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Clinical symptoms and presentation consistent with pulmonary embolism (PE).
PE symptoms duration ≤ 14 days.
High risk PE patients with absolute contraindications to systemic thrombolysis or its failure (refractory circulatory collapse) not eligible for surgical embolectomy.
Intermediate-high risk PE patients with right ventricle dysfunction confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography or transthoracic echocardiography and elevated troponin level with concomitant at least one of below criterium for minimum 24 hours:
Intermediate-high risk PE patients with right ventricle dysfunction confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography or transthoracic echocardiography and elevated troponin level with sudden occurrence of one or more of the below listed factors:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Consecutive patients hospitalized due to high risk or intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleksander Araszkiewicz, Assoc. Prof. | Contact | +488549293 | aaraszkiewicz@ump.edu.pl | |
| Sylwia SÅ‚awek-Szmyt, MD, PhD | Contact | +48 8549293 | sylwia.slawek@skpp.edu.pl |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aleksander Araszkiewicz, Assoc. Prof. | Poznan University of Medical Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poznan University of Medical Sciences | Recruiting | Poznan | Greaterpoland | 61-701 | Poland |
Individual participant data that underline the results reported in this study, after deidentification (text, figures, tables and appendices)
Beginning just after study results publication and ending 24 months following study results publication
Investigators who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be submitted to aaraszkiewicz@ump.edu.pl
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011655 | Pulmonary Embolism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D004617 | Embolism |
| D016769 | Embolism and Thrombosis |
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Incidence of major bleedings assessed using The Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria
| 3 months after catheter-directed thrombectomy |
| Adverse events incidence | Incidence of pulmonary vascular injury assessed on angiography | 3 months after catheter-directed thrombectomy |
| D014652 |
| Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |