Study hypotheses is that in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, reduced left atrial appendage (LAA) emptying velocities leads to LAA thrombus formation therefore a higher rate of stroke and embolism are observed even on oral anticoagulants.

Therefore The left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) procedure's benefit in patients with an impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has to be investigated So the study is to assess the safety and prognosis of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with heart failure in preventing thromboembolic events, bleeding and all-cause mortality.

Patients will be divided into to groups, one group includes patients with no evidence of heart failure, and another group including patients with previous history of or with an evidence of with heart failure.

Patients selection All patients underwent left atrial appendage closure in Assiut university in the period from January 2014 to December 2019 will be included.

Inclusion criteria In this retrospective cohort study, atrial fibrillation patients with previous major bleeding, bleeding predisposition or contraindications for oral anticoagulants scheduled for transcatheter left atrial appendage closure are included.

Methods In this retrospective cohort study

1. All patients with previous major bleeding or a bleeding predisposition scheduled for transcatheter LAAC in Assiut university in the period from January 2014 to December 2019 will be included.
2. All devices used in for LAAC in this period will be included (WATCHMAN, Amulet, LARIAT and Lambre)
3. CHA2DS2-VASC, CHADS, HAS-BLED scores will be calculated for all patients.
4. Patients will be divided into to groups, one group includes patients with no evidence of heart failure, and another group including patients with previous history of or with an evidence of with heart failure.
5. Heart failure will be defined as patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%.
6. New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification will be determined for all patient graded from I-IV.
7. Both groups will be compared regarding procedural success (Procedural success is defined as deployment and release of the left atrial appendage closure device into the LAA with peri-device leak < 5 mm), the absence of any complication related to the intervention, major and minor bleeding, all-cause mortality and efficacy of the device to prevent stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolization during follow-up.
8. Device related thrombus (DRT) will be compared in both groups according to the results of transesophageal echo (TOE) 6 weeks post procedure.

Primary endpoint

- The primary endpoints of the study are procedural success (Procedural success is defined as deployment and release of the left atrial appendage closure device into the LAA with peri-device leak < 5 mm), the absence of any complication related to the intervention, bleeding, all-cause mortality and efficacy of the device to prevent stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolization during follow-up in both groups of patients with heart failure and without heart failure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• In this study,

  1. Atrial fibrillation patients with previous major bleeding.
  2. Atrial fibrillation patients with previous bleeding predisposition
  3. Atrial fibrillation patients with previous contraindications for oral anticoagulants scheduled for transcatheter left atrial appendage closure are included.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients having no data for follow up after the procedure

All patients underwent left atrial appendage closure in Assiut university in the period from January 2014 to December 2019 will be included.

In this retrospective cohort study, atrial fibrillation patients with previous major bleeding, bleeding predisposition or contraindications for oral anticoagulants who were scheduled for transcatheter left atrial appendage closure are included