While music is played Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging will be performed at the University of Michigan Health System, University Hospital, Department of Radiology.

The fMRI is done under anesthesia using propofol. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations of 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 μg/ml in a stepwise fashion.

Propofol will be administered by intravenous infusion. All anesthesia equipment, supplies, and drugs will be provided by anesthesiologists from the University of Michigan Health System. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations which will be maintained for 4 minutes each.

Four types of music, including Jazz, Rock, Pop and Country, will be presented in a pseudo-randomized order. During the behavioral test period, participants will be asked to squeeze an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatible grip dynamometer (a rubber ball) for every 10-second periods (96 cycles in total). The beginning of each cycle will be cued with the spoken word "squeeze".

Music evoked activity was quantified by measurements of the fMRI BOLD signal. Neural response to a natural auditory stimulus, music, was assessed during both conscious and anesthetized states. Measurements were taken at baseline (30 minutes) and during anesthesia (60 minutes).

Measurement of force of participants' hand squeezing on a rubber ball in response to instructions. This will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) of air pressure during squeezing the rubber ball. Measurements are provided for the 30-minute means based on measurements taken every 10 seconds for 30 minutes prior to intervention (baseline) and every 10 seconds for 30 minutes during intervention (intervention), using BIOPAC (https://www.biopac.com) MP160 system with AcqKnowledge software (V5.0).

While music is played Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging will be performed at the University of Michigan Health System, University Hospital, Department of Radiology.

The fMRI is done under anesthesia using propofol. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations of 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 μg/ml in a stepwise fashion.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Propofol will be administered by intravenous infusion. All anesthesia equipment, supplies, and drugs will be provided by anesthesiologists from the University of Michigan Health System. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations which will be maintained for 4 minutes each.

Four types of music, including Jazz, Rock, Pop and Country, will be presented in a pseudo-randomized order. During the behavioral test period, participants will be asked to squeeze an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatible grip dynamometer (a rubber ball) for every 10-second periods (96 cycles in total). The beginning of each cycle will be cued with the spoken word "squeeze".

Music evoked activity was quantified by measurements of the fMRI BOLD signal. Neural response to a natural auditory stimulus, music, was assessed during both conscious and anesthetized states. Measurements were taken at baseline (30 minutes) and during anesthesia (60 minutes).

Reason of excluding 3 subjects: there were large head motions during fMRI so that the results were not analyzed or pooled in the whole study group. Two additional subjects were excluded, as they withdrew due to physician discretion.

While music is played Noninvasive functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging will be performed at the University of Michigan Health System, University Hospital, Department of Radiology.

The fMRI is done under anesthesia using propofol. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations of 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 μg/ml in a stepwise fashion.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Propofol will be administered by intravenous infusion. All anesthesia equipment, supplies, and drugs will be provided by anesthesiologists from the University of Michigan Health System. The researchers will manually control the infusion of propofol to achieve target effect-site concentrations which will be maintained for 4 minutes each.

Four types of music, including Jazz, Rock, Pop and Country, will be presented in a pseudo-randomized order. During the behavioral test period, participants will be asked to squeeze an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatible grip dynamometer (a rubber ball) for every 10-second periods (96 cycles in total). The beginning of each cycle will be cued with the spoken word "squeeze".

Participant experienced near syncope during IV insertion