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In this prospective randomized controlled observer-blinded study we aimed to compare the efficacy of a single operator technique so called Jedi Grip and conventional technique requiring double operator in ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block.
Patients aged between 18 and 65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to II ) undergoing elective hand, wrist and forearm surgery were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to Group C (conventional technique) or group J (Jedi technique). In both groups, axillary plexus blockage was provided by applying 5cc of a mixture of 10 cc 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 cc 2% prilocaine to the ulnar, radial, median and musculocutaneous nerves. Parameters such as performance time and the number of needle passes were recorded during procedure. Subsequently, a blinded observer evaluated and recorded parameters related to the success of blockage. The main outcome variable was performance time and success rate (surgical anesthesia).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group C | Active Comparator | conventional two-operator axillary brachial plexus blockage |
|
| Group J | Active Comparator | axillary brachial plexus block with single operator using Jedi grip |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| conventional two-operator versus single operator using Jedi grip axillary brachial plexus blockage | Procedure | on goup C, operator used the probe and needle with different hands while an assistant controlling the syringe to aspirate or inject local anesthetic. On Group J single operator controlled the probe with one hand while controlling the needle and the syringe on the other hand with the Jedi technique. The needle was held between the index finger and the middle phalanx of the middle finger, and the syringe was held with fingers 4 and 5, with the plunger part to the thumb in the palm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| block performance time | the sum of imaging and needling times | during procedure |
| success rate | patients percentage with provided successful anesthesia | during operation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Onset time of sensory block | Sensory blockage was evaluated and graded; from lateral to the forearm, the volar face of the thumb, volar face of the 5th finger and lateral side of the hand back; for musculocutaneous, median, ulnar and radial nerves, respectively. Graduation was according to 3-point scale using a cold test: 0 = no block, 1 = analgesia (patient can feel touch, not cold), and 2 = anesthesia (patient cannot feel touch). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ä°smail Aytac | Ankara City Hospital Bilkent | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara City Hospital | Ankara | 06600 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21831086 | Background | Pappin D, Christie I. The Jedi Grip: a novel technique for administering local anaesthetic in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2011 Sep;66(9):845. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06845.x. No abstract available. |
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the patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups as Group C (conventional two-operator axillary brachial plexus blockage) and Group J (axillary brachial plexus block with single operator using Jedi grip)
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After completion of the block, a blinded observer recorded demographic data and questioned the patients for felt pain related to the block procedure using a 10-cm visual analog scale (0 cm = no pain, 10 cm = worst imaginable pain). Patients were also questioned for symptoms related to the local anesthetic toxicity.
Subsequently, measurements of brachial plexus blockade were carried out every 5 mins until 30 mins by the same blinded observer.
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| before operation |
| Onset time of motor block | Motor blockage was evaluated and graded; with elbow flexion, thumb abduction, thumb opposition, thumb adduction for musculocutaneous, radial, median, ulnar nerves respectively. Motor blockage graduation was also according to a 3-point scale: 0 = no block, 1 = paresis and 2 = paralysis.[](streamdown:incomplete-link) | before operation |