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Can Nanotechnology Biomarker Tagging (NBT) be used to detect COVID-19 infection in people presenting for COVID-19 testing?
NBT can be used to detect the substances present in a person's breath. In this study the breath of people presenting for COVID-19 testing is going to be analysed. Analysing a large number of samples from people with COVID-19 (as confirmed by the standard swab test used by the NHS) will enable a breath profile to be produced, ie the substances present in the breath when someone has COVID-19. After the profile has been validated, NBT can be used to test whether or not a person has COVID-19 by seeing if their breath matches the profile.
Using this technology for COVID-19 testing has advantages over the current standard test. The sample can be analysed immediately in the clinical setting and the results are available in 5-10 minutes, so if the person tests negative they can go back to their normal life straight away. The current swab test takes around 72 hours for the results to be available, and the person needs to self-isolate during this time in case they test positive, resulting in potentially unnecessary days of work missed and inconvenience. The breath test is non-invasive and is unlikely to cause any discomfort, as the person is only required to breath normally into the device. This study will also review the practicalities of using this test. It is quick and easy to train people in how to carry out the test, so it could potentially easily be rolled out to testing sites.
This is a Cohort Study which will collect non-invasive, expired breath sample, cheek swab and a Medical and Lifestyle questionnaire from participants.
When the participant presents for COVID-19 testing they will be asked to provide a cheek swab and breath sample, and complete the study questionnaire. They will not need to give any identifiable information or have a second visit. The samples will be analysed immediately and disposed of as clinical waste. ANCON will then use the data to build a breath profile of COVID-19 infection.
Sample and data collection method for inpatients:
Anonymous Questionnaire - Each participant will be asked questions in the form of a short standard questionnaire based on:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study Arm | Experimental | Breath Test and Cheek Swab collection |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breath Test & Cheek Swab | Diagnostic Test | Breath Sample and Cheek Swab of participants will be used for machine learning (NBT - Nanobiotechnology Biomarkers Tagging) system to develop a profile which can be used later on for Covid-19 Diagnosis. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To investigate/ examine the effectiveness of Nanotechnology Biomarker Tagging (NBT) in detecting COVID-19 infection using breath samples of patients with COVID-19 symptoms | This will be measured by identification of VOCs present in the breath sample of the COVID-19 positive and their relative concentrations compared to a COVID-19 negative breath sample. These will be combined to provide a COVID-19 positive profile | 6 Months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| -To profile the unique pattern of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) found in the expired breath of COVID-19 patients using the NBT system (VOC analysis and ML). | This will be measured by identification of VOCs present in the breath sample of the COVID-19 positive and their relative concentrations compared to a COVID-19 negative breath sample using ML. These will be combined to provide a COVID-19 positive profile. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stephen Winchester, MBBS, MSc | Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust | Chertsey | Surrey | KT16 0PZ | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25191584 | Background | Ajibola OA, Smith D, Spanel P, Ferns GA. Effects of dietary nutrients on volatile breath metabolites. J Nutr Sci. 2013 Oct 31;2:e34. doi: 10.1017/jns.2013.26. eCollection 2013. | |
| 17471381 | Background | Smith D, Spanel P. The challenge of breath analysis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Analyst. 2007 May;132(5):390-6. doi: 10.1039/b700542n. Epub 2007 Mar 19. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001944 | Breath Tests |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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Participants who are Covid-19 negative, Covid-19 positive or suspected with Covid-19 infection will be recruited
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| 6 months |
| To differentiate this unique profile from the patients that are found to be negative for COVID-19 | The patient samples that return COVID-19 negative will be used as controls for identification of VOCs and relative concentrations that are common to all samples. | 6 months |
| 17305586 | Background | Amann A, Spanel P, Smith D. Breath analysis: the approach towards clinical applications. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2007 Feb;7(2):115-29. doi: 10.2174/138955707779802606. |
| 28117692 | Background | Gouma PI, Wang L, Simon SR, Stanacevic M. Novel Isoprene Sensor for a Flu Virus Breath Monitor. Sensors (Basel). 2017 Jan 20;17(1):199. doi: 10.3390/s17010199. |
| Background | Kim, K.-H.Kim., Jahan, S.A., Kabir, E., (2012) A review of breath analysis for diagnosis of human health. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. v.33, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.013 |
| 32139372 | Background | Lake MA. What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clin Med (Lond). 2020 Mar;20(2):124-127. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2019-coron. Epub 2020 Mar 5. |
| Background | Marczin N, Kharitonov S (2003) Lung Biology in Health and Disease. Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath Edited by: New York: Marcel Dekker; 2003. |
| Background | NHS-England, (2020) Guidance and standard operating procedure COVID-19 virus testing in NHS laboratories. |
| 23824368 | Background | Sethi S, Nanda R, Chakraborty T. Clinical application of volatile organic compound analysis for detecting infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul;26(3):462-75. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00020-13. |
| Background | Risby T., (2005): Current status of clinical breath analysis. In Breath Analysis for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring Edited by: Amann A, Smith D. Singapore: World Scientific; 2005:251-265. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |