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The purpose of this study was to determine if ethnicity alters training responsiveness to a low dose of high intensity interval training in inactive women.
Prior to the session, women completed a 4-minute warmup at 10 % PPO. Each subject completed 9 sessions of HIIT over a 3-week period which consisted of eight to ten 1-minute bouts of cycling at 85% PPO with 75-second recovery between bouts at 10 % PPO. This protocol is well-tolerated in inactive individuals. Continuously during each session, heart rate was monitored using telemetry. On days 1, 3, 6, and 9 of training, the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) was completed. VO2max and cardiac output max were assessed prior to training, as well as post.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caucasian | Experimental | Participants performed 9 sessions of HIIT over 3 weeks, utilizing progressive overload by increasing the number of bouts by 1 each week. They started with 8 bouts on week 1, 9 bouts on week 2, and 10 bouts on week 3. |
|
| Hispanic | Experimental | Participants performed 9 sessions of HIIT over 3 weeks, utilizing progressive overload by increasing the number of bouts by 1 each week. They started with 8 bouts on week 1, 9 bouts on week 2, and 10 bouts on week 3. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High intensity interval training | Other | Repeated, brief, and intense exercise bouts separated by active recovery |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in baseline in VO2max at 3 weeks | Each participant performed VO2max testing on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer using a ramp protocol. During exercise, subjects expired through a plastic mouthpiece and low resistance valve into tubing connected to a mixing chamber. Measures of ventilation and expired fractions of oxygen and carbon dioxide were obtained throughout exercise by a metabolic cart. Gas exchange data including VO2, VCO2, and ventilation were time-averaged every 15 seconds. The test was terminated when the subject's pedal cadence was below 50 rev/min. | 3 weeks |
| Change in baseline in cardiac output max at 3 weeks | During the VO2max assessment, participants wore a thoracic impedance device to measure heart rate and stroke volume, calculating their cardiac output. | 3 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Todd Astorino, PhD | California State University, San Marcos | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California State University San Marcos | San Marcos | California | 92096 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27337599 | Background | Raleigh JP, Giles MD, Scribbans TD, Edgett BA, Sawula LJ, Bonafiglia JT, Graham RB, Gurd BJ. The impact of work-matched interval training on V̇O2peak and V̇O2 kinetics: diminishing returns with increasing intensity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jul;41(7):706-13. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0614. Epub 2016 Feb 29. | |
| 19199208 | Background |
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This study was a longitudinal, repeated measures between subjects design.
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| Astorino TA, White AC, Dalleck LC. Supramaximal testing to confirm attainment of VO2max in sedentary men and women. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Apr;30(4):279-84. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1104588. Epub 2009 Feb 6. |
| 23754097 | Background | Astorino TA, Schubert MM, Palumbo E, Stirling D, McMillan DW, Cooper C, Godinez J, Martinez D, Gallant R. Magnitude and time course of changes in maximal oxygen uptake in response to distinct regimens of chronic interval training in sedentary women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Sep;113(9):2361-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2672-1. Epub 2013 Jun 11. |
| 29462100 | Background | Bowdon M, Marcovitz P, Jain SK, Boura J, Liroff KG, Franklin BA. Exercise Training in "At-Risk" Black and White Women: A Comparative Cohort Analyses. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Jul;50(7):1350-1356. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001580. |
| 24468145 | Background | Gill JM, Celis-Morales CA, Ghouri N. Physical activity, ethnicity and cardio-metabolic health: does one size fit all? Atherosclerosis. 2014 Feb;232(2):319-33. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.039. Epub 2013 Nov 23. |
| 15380461 | Background | Johnson JL, Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Samsa GP, McCartney JS, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Gender and racial differences in lipoprotein subclass distributions: the STRRIDE study. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Oct;176(2):371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.05.018. |
| 11299267 | Background | Skinner JS, Jaskolski A, Jaskolska A, Krasnoff J, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Rao DC, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C; HERITAGE Family Study. Age, sex, race, initial fitness, and response to training: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 May;90(5):1770-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1770. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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