Youth will be asked to respond to 9 questions related to their self-efficacy for making decisions related to participation in clinical trials for gathering information about clinical trials (e.g., How sure are you that you can do the following things: Ask my parents questions for more information about clinical trials?; 1 = I cannot do it at all; 5 = I know I can do it.). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more self-efficacy for gathering information about clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 3 questions to measure youths' confidence for participating clinical trials (e.g., I know what rights I have in a clinical trial. I know whom to ask if I need more information about a clinical trial.; 1=Strongly Disagree; 2=Disagree; 3=Unsure; 4=Agree; 5=Strongly Agree). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more confidence for participating in clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 4 questions related to their perceptions of fear or anxiety about different types of medical procedures, including getting a needle in the arm, injection in the leg, getting a scan, and taking new medicine, on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all afraid or anxious, 2 = Somewhat afraid or anxious, 3 = Moderately afraid or anxious, 4 = Very afraid or anxious, 5 = Extremely afraid or anxious). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more fears about medical procedures.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of participating in a clinical trial (i.e., If you were asked to be in a clinical trial, how likely would you be to participate?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of participating in a clinical trial.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of their fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial (i.e., How likely is it that your fearful or anxious feelings could stop you from participating in a clinical trial in the future?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial.

The wait-list control group did not receive the intervention between the pre-test and post-test assessments. After completing the post-test questionnaire, youth in the wait-list control group had the option to receive access to the intervention (DigiKnowIt News).

Total of all reporting groups

Youth will respond to 25 questions that assess their factual knowledge about clinical research (e.g., Who is part of a clinical trial?). Questions are in multiple choice format and some questions have multiple correct answers. The correct responses were summed across the questions. The range of scores was from 0 to 46. Higher scores indicate more knowledge about clinical research.

Youth will be asked to respond to 6 questions that assess their positive attitudes about clinical trials (e.g., How do you feel about kids participating in clinical trials?; 1=Not good at all; 2=Not very good; 3=Not sure; 4=Good; 5=Very good). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5.

Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 5 questions that assess their beliefs about positive aspects of pediatric clinical research (e.g., I believe that clinical trials can help kids; 1=Strongly Disagree; 2=Disagree; 3=Unsure; 4=Agree; 5=Strongly Agree). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more positive beliefs about clinical research.

Youth will be asked to respond to 9 questions related to their self-efficacy for making decisions related to participation in clinical trials for gathering information about clinical trials (e.g., How sure are you that you can do the following things: Ask my parents questions for more information about clinical trials?; 1 = I cannot do it at all; 5 = I know I can do it.). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more self-efficacy for gathering information about clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 10 questions related to their self-efficacy for making decisions related to participation in clinical trials for communicating about clinical trials (e.g., Tell the researcher that I don't want to participate in the clinical trial, even if they really want me to do it; 1 = I cannot do it at all; 5 = I know I can do it.). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more self-efficacy about communicating about clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to additional items3 questions to measure youths' confidence for participating clinical trials (e.g., I know what rights I have in a clinical trial. I know whom to ask if I need more information about a clinical trial.; 1=Strongly Disagree; 2=Disagree; 3=Unsure; 4=Agree; 5=Strongly Agree). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more confidence for participating in clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 4 questions related to their perceptions of fear or anxiety about different types of medical procedures, including getting a needle in the arm, injection in the leg, getting a scan, and taking new medicine, on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all afraid or anxious, 2 = Somewhat afraid or anxious, 3 = Moderately afraid or anxious, 4 = Very afraid or anxious, 5 = Extremely afraid or anxious). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more fears about medical procedures.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of participating in a clinical trial (i.e., If you were asked to be in a clinical trial, how likely would you be to participate?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of participating in a clinical trial.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of their fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial (i.e., How likely is it that your fearful or anxious feelings could stop you from participating in a clinical trial in the future?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial.

The wait-list control group did not receive the intervention between the pre-test and post-test assessments. After completing the post-test questionnaire, youth in the wait-list control group had the option to receive access to the intervention (DigiKnowIt News).

Youth will be asked to respond to 6 questions that assess their positive attitudes about clinical trials (e.g., How do you feel about kids participating in clinical trials?; 1=Not good at all; 2=Not very good; 3=Not sure; 4=Good; 5=Very good). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 5 questions that assess their beliefs about positive aspects of pediatric clinical research (e.g., I believe that clinical trials can help kids; 1=Strongly Disagree; 2=Disagree; 3=Unsure; 4=Agree; 5=Strongly Agree). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more positive beliefs about clinical research.

Youth will be asked to respond to 10 questions related to their self-efficacy for making decisions related to participation in clinical trials for communicating about clinical trials (e.g., Tell the researcher that I don't want to participate in the clinical trial, even if they really want me to do it; 1 = I cannot do it at all; 5 = I know I can do it.). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more self-efficacy about communicating about clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 9 questions related to their self-efficacy for making decisions related to participation in clinical trials for gathering information about clinical trials (e.g., How sure are you that you can do the following things: Ask my parents questions for more information about clinical trials?; 1 = I cannot do it at all; 5 = I know I can do it.). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more self-efficacy for gathering information about clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 3 questions to measure youths' confidence for participating clinical trials (e.g., I know what rights I have in a clinical trial. I know whom to ask if I need more information about a clinical trial.; 1=Strongly Disagree; 2=Disagree; 3=Unsure; 4=Agree; 5=Strongly Agree). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more confidence for participating in clinical trials.

Youth will be asked to respond to 4 questions related to their perceptions of fear or anxiety about different types of medical procedures, including getting a needle in the arm, injection in the leg, getting a scan, and taking new medicine, on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all afraid or anxious, 2 = Somewhat afraid or anxious, 3 = Moderately afraid or anxious, 4 = Very afraid or anxious, 5 = Extremely afraid or anxious). Responses to this scale were averaged and the minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate more fears about medical procedures.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of participating in a clinical trial (i.e., If you were asked to be in a clinical trial, how likely would you be to participate?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of participating in a clinical trial.

In this study, participants were able to skip questions in the questionnaires. Thus, there may not be complete data for all participants for this outcome.

Youth will be asked to respond to one question about the likelihood of their fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial (i.e., How likely is it that your fearful or anxious feelings could stop you from participating in a clinical trial in the future?) using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not likely; 5 = Extremely likely). The minimum scale score was 1 and the maximum scale score was 5. Higher scores indicate increased likelihood of fear preventing them from participating in a clinical trial.

In this study, participants were able to skip questions in the questionnaires. Thus, there may not be complete data for all participants for this outcome.

This is a wait-list control group and they did not receive an intervention.