Perioperative Fluid Therapy in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Penile Hypospadias Repair

Role of Lung Ultrasound in Comparison of Different Fluid Replacement Regimens in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Penile Hypospadias Repair, Randomized Control Trial

Optimization of perioperative fluid management is important for preventing adverse events, such as hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock, volume overload, and pulmonary edema, in both adult and pediatric patients. If the intravascular (IV) fluid volume is not optimized, pediatric patients are at risk of dehydration or volume overload. Perioperative IV fluid therapy is important during and after induction of general anesthesia (GA).The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between conventional and restrictive fluid replacement regimens using lung ultrasound in pediatric patients undergoing penile hypospadias repair, as a surgery with minor fluid loss.

Inclusion Criteria:

• scheduled for repair of penile hypospadias with American Society of Anaesthesiologists' physical status of class I-II.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with pulmonary, cardiovascular, or hematological disorders or a family history of allergy to local anesthetics or lung disease