A community-based parenting education program with individual family check ins will be implemented to all participants assigned to this arm.

An adapted Family Foundations parenting program for expecting first time parents with individual family check ins will be implemented to all participants assigned to this arm.

Healthy Foundations combines elements of a community-based parent education program with additional information about infant and child development, good parenting practices, parent health behavior, and couple support.

Couple relationship will be evaluated through the Co-parenting Relationship Scale. For overall coparenting quality, average responses range from 0 (not true of us/never) to 6 (very true of us/very often). Lower scores indicate worse outcomes.

Parent adjustment will be assessed with self-report on mental health screenings. The Brief Symptom Inventory is a widely used mental health screening measure. Average responses to the listed symptoms range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) based on how distressing symptoms have been. Higher scores indicate greater intensity of symptoms.

Quantity-frequency of alcohol use (Quantity Frequency Index) and frequency of binge drinking (4 or 5 or more on a single occasion) based on the NIAAA standard drink will be assessed. Higher scores indicate greater quantity and frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking, with moderate drinking being defined as up to 1 standard drink per day for women and up to 2 standard drinks per day for men.

Parent-child relations will be measured through the coding of play interaction sessions. Parental warmth, sensitivity, and harshness will be coded during parent-infant interactions. Parents will be asked to spend some time with their infants as they normally would at 6 months. At 12 months, parents will be asked to spend some time with infants as they normally would for the first 5 minutes, and given a series of problem-solving tasks to do with their infants for the next 5 minutes. Warmth (positive affective involvement), sensitivity (e.g., flexibility and contingent responsiveness), and harshness (e.g., intrusive and negative behaviors such as angry/hostile mood and voice, disapproval, and criticism) will be coded based on the global 5-point rating scales of the Early Relational Assessment (Clark, 1999). Higher scores on the rating scales indicate higher frequency of warmth, sensitivity, and harshness.