Hydromorphone for ICU-analgesia in Patients With Non-mechanical Ventilation

Hydromorphone for ICU-analgesia in Patients With Non-mechanical Ventilation: A Dose-exploration and Effectiveness Study

Hydromorphone has a clear analgesic effect, and has few advantages in respiratory depression and gastrointestinal motility. The study will further explore the continuous pumping-dose of hydromorphone for ICU non-mechanical ventilation patients and monitor its effective plasma concentration as well as evaluates the safety and effectiveness of hydromorphone for ICU non-mechanical ventilation patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years old;
• Non-mechanical ventilation patients with expected ICU stay time >24h
• People with moderate to severe pain who need immediate analgesic treatment (NRS ≥ 4 or BPS ≥ 5 points, CPOT ≥ 3);

Exclusion Criteria:

• pregnancy；
• can not get pain score from patients
• allergy to drugs
• ....