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In patients with coronary artery disease, dual antiplatelet therapy (acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12-receptor antagonist) is a commonly used method because of its excellent antithrombotic effect. In particular, in patients with acute myocardial infarction, who receive coronary angiography as an emergency, the dual antiplatelet is used immediately before the test to prevent and test further clot formation, regardless of whether or not the patient had previously taken dual antiplatelet.
Ticagrelor, a direct-acting and reversible ADP receptor antagonist, was introduced in Denmark in 2013 and is now the most commonly used ADP receptor antagonist in the treatment of ACS. Compared to its predecessor clopidogrel, the pharmacokinetic profil of ticagrelor is more predictable, demonstrating a faster onset of action and a more consistent platelet inhibition. However, because of the excellent antithrombotic effect and increased bleeding potential, it is recommended that major bleeding, such as OPCAB or CABG surgery, be expected with a high probability, and in case of fatal surgery, the drug should be discontinued for 5 days.
Most patients who receive emergency coronary heart surgery after undergoing coronary angiography as an emergency due to an acute myocardial infarction, it take approximately 24-48 hours to undergo surgery after examination. In fact, there have been reports of large-scale cross-country studies that do not increase bleeding risk compared to 5 days until 3 days after ticagrelor is stopped. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively analyze the bleeding tendency by analyzing the records of patients using clopidogrel or ticagrelor in preoperative coronary angiography for patients undergoing emergency CABG surgery from 2016 to September 2019.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ticagrelor | The patient with acute myocardial infarction received loading dose of ticagrelor for coronary angiography within 2 days prior to OPCAB or CABG. |
| |
| clopidogrel | The patient with acute myocardial infarction received loading dose of clopidogrel for coronary angiography within 2 days prior to OPCAB or CABG. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ticagrelor 180mg | Drug | Patient received loading dose of ticagrelor for coronary angiography within 2 days prior to OPCAB or CABG. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Major bleeding event | major bleeding defined as BARC-CABG related bleeding | within 48hours after operation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| RBC transfusion amount | total amount of RBC transfusion within hospital stay after operation | through study completion, an average of 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Emergency OPCAB or CABG surgery in Ajou university hospital from January 2016 to September 2019
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ajou University Hospital | Suwon | Gyeonggido | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016063 | Blood Loss, Surgical |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D007431 | Intraoperative Complications |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077486 | Ticagrelor |
| D000077144 | Clopidogrel |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000241 | Adenosine |
| D011684 | Purine Nucleosides |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
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| Clopidogrel 75mg | Drug | Patient received loading dose of clopidogrel for coronary angiography within 2 days prior to OPCAB or CABG. |
|
| D000072471 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D009705 | Nucleosides |
| D009706 | Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides |
| D012263 | Ribonucleosides |
| D013988 | Ticlopidine |
| D058924 | Thienopyridines |
| D013876 | Thiophenes |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D011725 | Pyridines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |