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The study initially aimed to measure droplets; however, as more was learned about COVID transmission, it became apparent that aerosol should be measured, but the method to measure aerosol was not possible for this study, so the study was withdrawn.
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The purpose of this study is to collect, measure, and assess the environmental spatter produced during dental appointments under different isolation methods used in pediatric dentistry, to compare the effectiveness of aerosol reduction between these methods, to identify the most effective way to manage aerosol during dental prophylaxis for pediatric patients and to provide clinical evidence to facilitate practice guidelines in dentistry related to COVID-19.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1- The saliva ejector | Active Comparator |
| |
| Group 2- The high-volume evacuator | Active Comparator |
| |
| Group 3- The DryShield | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The saliva ejector | Device | A thin suction tube that draws water, saliva, blood, and debris from the mouth to provide patient comfort, preventing patient from constantly having to sit up and spit while maintain a clear operative field. It is connected through the low-volume suction hose in the dental chair. It can be held by the dental assistant, the dental provider or by the patient. In practice, it can be also contoured and hang by the cheek of the patient due to its light weight. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To collect, measure, and assess the environmental spatter produced during dental appointments under different isolation methods used in pediatric dentistry | The image of the spots of fluorescence from the spatter collected will be captured using a digital camera (Nikon D3100, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with an amber-colored lens cover. The image will be processed by a digital imaging software, ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin) to get the number of the spots on each mask and film. The number of fluorescent spots is recorded to determine the amount of spatter produced. | Through case completion, an average a year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Di I Wu, DDS,MS,PhD | UTHealth Science Center at Houston | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33047816 | Derived | Kumbargere Nagraj S, Eachempati P, Paisi M, Nasser M, Sivaramakrishnan G, Verbeek JH. Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 12;10(10):CD013686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013686.pub2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| D003728 | Dental Calculus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D002137 | Calculi |
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Recruited subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the three study groups for isolation during their dental cleaning, which are: Group 1- The saliva ejector; Group 2- The high-volume evacuator (HVE); Group 3- The DryShield.
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The assessor will be blind to group assignment of the patients
|
| The high-volume evacuator | Device | The high-velocity air evacuation device. It is connected through the high-volume suction hose in the dental chair. It is operated by a dental assistant during the dental treatment, owing to the challenge posed by the rigid disposable attachment and bulky high-volume suction hose. |
|
| The DryShield | Device | The device is attached to the high-volume suction hose to provide continuous suction of intraoral fluid and debris, and also simultaneous isolation to both maxillary and mandibular quadrants on the same side. Other advantages of these devices include retracting the tongue and cheek, and prevention of aspiration. |
|
| D020763 |
| Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |