Fludarabine in Combination With Daunorubicin and Cytarabine Liposome in Newly-diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

A Phase II Trial of Fludarabine in Combination With Daunorubicin and Cytarabine Liposome for Adults With Newly-diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: University of California Hematologic Malignancies Consortium Protocol 1914

This phase 2 clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fludarabine in combination with CPX-351 in patients with untreated AML. Patients will receive fludarabine and CPX-351 during Induction 1 and 2 as well as 2 cycles of consolidation therapy.

This is a phase 2, open label single arm study to look at the effectives and safety of fludarabine in combination with CPX-351 in patients with untreated AML. The rationale for this combination stems from data which indicated that pre-treatment of the THP-1 cell line with fludarabine for 4 hours prior to CPX-351 administration (Flu-CPX) significantly potentiated intracellular ara-CTP accumulation compared to CPX-351 alone. This suggests that fludarabine combined with CPX-351 may have efficacy against leukemic clones that would be resistant to CPX-351 or standard chemotherapy in first induction. It has been demonstrated that treatment with CPX-351 produces superior clinical outcomes in secondary AML likely due to its novel formulation, which results in sustained exposure of the cytotoxic agents cytarabine and daunorubicin in a synergistic 5:1 ratio within the plasma and bone marrow. Fludarabine can potentially improve upon the outcomes observed with CPX-351 monotherapy and 7+3 by enhancing intracellular ara-CTP accumulation from CPX-351. Patients will received fludarabine and CPX-351 for up to 2 cycles of induction and 2 cycles of consolidation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically confirmed de novo or secondary AML as defined by WHO criteria

2. Intermediate- or poor-risk disease by ELN 2017 criteria

3. Adults 18 years of age or older

4. ECOG performance status of 0, 1, or 2

5. Able to give informed consent and follow study guidelines

6. Organ function requirements:

   1. Adequate renal function defined as creatinine clearance greater than 60 ml/min
   2. Adequate hepatic function defined by serum bilirubin less than or equal 2 mg/dL. If serum bilirubin greater than 2 mg/dl and direct bilirubin is less than 30 percent of total bilirubin contact study chair for eligibility exception for Gilbert's syndrome.
   3. ALT/AST less than or equal to 3 times the upper limit of normal
   4. LVEF 50 percent by echocardiogram or MUGA

7. Patients with history of second malignancies in complete remission and without history of metastasis are eligible if there is clinical evidence of disease stability for a period of greater than 6 months off cytotoxic chemotherapy, documented by imaging, tumor marker studies, etc., at screening.

8. Women of child-bearing potential and men with partners of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 120 days following completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.

9. Women of child-bearing potential has negative pregnancy test prior to initiating study drug dosing.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Current or anticipated use of additional investigational agents.
2. Any prior treatment for AML with the exception of corticosteroids, hydroxyurea, and/or leukapheresis to prevent or treat early complications prior to starting study therapy. Permitted prior therapy must be stopped 24 hours prior to starting study therapy.
3. Prior use of hypomethylating agents is permitted for patients with history of antecedent MDS. Last dose of hypomethylating therapy must have been 15 or more days prior to starting study therapy. Toxicities associated with prior MDS therapy must have recovered to grade 1 or less prior to start of treatment.
4. Favorable risk cytogenetics as defined by 2017 ELN risk stratification including acute promyelocytic leukemia
5. Chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis
6. Except for CMML, patients with history of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) (defined as a history of essential thrombocytosis or polycythemia vera, or idiopathic myelofibrosis prior to the diagnosis of AML) or combined MDS/MPN are not eligible
7. Clinical evidence of active CNS leukemia
8. Active or metastatic second malignancy
9. Any major surgery or radiation therapy within four weeks.
10. Patients with prior cumulative anthracycline exposure of greater than 368 mg/m2 daunorubicin (or equivalent).
11. Any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality or psychiatric illness that would prevent obtaining informed consent
12. Patients with myocardial impairment of any cause (e.g. cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, significant valvular dysfunction, hypertensive heart disease, and congestive heart failure) resulting in heart failure by New York Heart Association Criteria (Class III or IV staging)
13. Active or uncontrolled infection. Patients with an infection receiving treatment (antibiotic, antifungal or antiviral treatment) may be entered into the study but must be afebrile and hemodynamically stable for greater than or equal to 72 hrs.
14. Current evidence of invasive fungal infection (blood or tissue culture); patients with recent fungal infection must have subsequent negative culture(s) to be eligible
15. Known HIV infection
16. Active hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection
17. Hypersensitivity to cytarabine, daunorubicin or liposomal products
18. History of Wilson's disease or copper-metabolism disorder
19. Pregnant or breastfeeding
20. Any condition which in the opinion of the investigator will interfere with the ability of the subject to comply with the requirements of the study