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Mobile applications are more and more considered when implementing programs for treating mental disorders. The study aims to reduce avoidance and fear of spiders in spider-fearful individuals by combining exposure principles with gamification elements (e.g. narrative background, level progression, points, feedback). We investigate the efficacy of the gamified app in a remote online-therapy context.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spider gamification app | Experimental | Participants play the spider gamification app twice a day for 7 days |
|
| Online exposure + spider gamification app | Experimental | Participants receive a therapist-guided one-session online exposure therapy and play the spider gamification app twice a day for 7 days |
|
| Online exposure + non-spider gamification app | Active Comparator | Participants receive a therapist-guided one-session online exposure therapy and play a non-spider gamification app twice a day for 7 days |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7-day exposure therapy via self-developed app according to (Haberkamp et al., submitted) | Behavioral | Confrontation with spiders via gamified app |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in avoidance behavior (Behavioral Approach Task; BAT) | Scores range from 0 ("participant refuses to enter the room with spider") to 12 ("participant holds the spider at least for 20 sec"). | Baseline; (after one-session exposure if applied); Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| Change in spider fear (Spider Phobia Questionnaire; SPQ) | The scale ranges from 0-31. High scores reflect high subjective levels and low scores low subjective levels of spider fear. | Baseline; Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| Change in spider fear: Spider-Anxiety Questionnaire (FAS) | The scale ranges from 0-108. High scores reflect high subjective levels and low scores low subjective levels of spider fear. | Baseline; Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in disgust before and after playing the app | Seven-point rating scale scoring from 0 to 6: high scores reflect high levels and low scores low levels of experienced disgust; participants play twice a day (between 8 - 11 am and 4 - 7 pm); ratings are part of the app | Before starting and immediately after completing the game |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) | Measures severity of depression; The scale ranges from 0-63: 0-13 minimal depressive symptoms; 14-19 mild symptoms; 20-28 moderate symptoms; 29-63 severe symptoms. | Baseline, Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Participants must
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants will be deemed ineligible if they do not meet the above inclusion criteria or
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anke Haberkamp, PhD | Philipps University Marburg | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philipps University Marburg | Marburg | Germany | ||||
| Philipps-University Marburg Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy |
Share anonymized IPD via a general-purpose open-access repository
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end of the study; unlimited
open-access
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C000719193 | Arachnophobia |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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|
| Therapist-guided one-session online exposure therapy according to (Öst, 1989) | Behavioral | Massed exposure therapy over the course of one single session, applied in a remote-online context |
|
|
| Change in arousal before and after playing the app |
Seven-point rating scale scoring from 0 to 6: high scores reflect high levels and low scores low levels of experienced arousal; participants play twice a day (between 8 - 11 am and 4 - 7 pm); ratings are part of the app |
| Before starting and immediately after completing the game |
| Change in anxiety before and after playing the app | Seven-point rating scale scoring from 0 to 6: high scores reflect high levels and low scores low levels of experienced anxiety; participants play twice a day (between 8 - 11 am and 4 - 7 pm); ratings are part of the app | Before starting and immediately after completing the game |
Measures clinically relevant psychological symptoms. |
| Baseline, Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| German version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) | Standardised satisfaction measurement | (after one-session exposure if applied), Post-treatment (1-week after baseline); 3-week follow-up (4-weeks after baseline) |
| Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) | Questionnaire assessing the quality of new user-oriented health applications | Post-treatment (1-week after baseline) |
| Marburg |
| Germany |
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |
| D024801 | Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |