The goal of HeadSMART II (HEAD injury Serum markers and Multi-modalities for Assessing Response to Trauma II) is to develop an In-Vitro Diagnostic, the BRAINBox TBI test, to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury, by incorporating blood biomarkers, clinical assessments, and tools to measure associated neurocognitive impairments.

This study proposes to collect data using a multi-modality approach including blood biomarkers, clinical assessments, neurocognitive performance, and neuropsychological characteristics, to identify subjects with a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and their likelihood of chronic symptoms.

This is an observational study with an expectation of enrolling up to 2000 subjects. These subjects will include the intended use population, subjects presenting to the Emergency Department or Urgent Care with a blunt head trauma. Data will be collected across four time points, T=0, 14 days, 30 days and 90 days, to allow for building and validating the algorithms for both diagnosis and prognosis claims.

Control populations, healthy and trauma only (no head trauma) will be included for assay development. Data will be collected for these groups at T=0 and 14 days (trauma control only).

Target Condition Subjects

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age >=18 years
2. Ability to provide a blood sample; within 96 hours of injury
3. Ability to provide informed consent. Consent may be obtained with assistance of a legally authorized representative (LAR)
4. Must present to the Emergency Department (ED) or Urgent Care (UC) with a blunt head trauma

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 13, as presented in ED at time of screening
2. Need for general anesthesia at the time of presentation in the ED
3. Diagnosed dementia requiring assistance for daily living
4. Any head trauma requiring medical attention from a physician within the last 6 months
5. Received chemotherapy or radiation within the last year
6. History of stroke with disabling outcomes, brain tumor, epilepsy or intracranial surgery/hemorrhage
7. Psychiatric hospitalization in the last 90 days
8. Blood transfusion within the prior 4 weeks
9. Non-working telephone number
10. Current participant in an interventional clinical trial
11. Cannot perform study tasks on an iPad (e.g. not wearing corrective lenses necessary to read, inability to use both hands)
12. Subject considered unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial by PI, treating clinician or research study staff

Control Subjects

Inclusion:

1. Age >=18 years
2. Ability to provide a blood sample; (For Trauma Controls (TC's) within 96 hours of injury)
3. Ability to provide informed consent. (For TC's consent may be obtained with assistance of a legally authorized representative (LAR)
4. Presents to the Emergency Department or Urgent Care with at least one injury requiring an X-Ray (TC's only)
5. Healthy and not taking prescription medications (Healthy Controls (HC's) only)

Exclusion:

1. Head trauma or symptoms with head trauma at presentation
2. Head trauma requiring medical attention from a physician within the last 6 months
3. Internal organ injury (e.g. liver laceration, pulmonary contusion, spinal cord injury) that requires inpatient hospitalization
4. Need for general anesthesia at the time of presentation in the ED
5. Diagnosed dementia requiring assistance for daily living
6. Received chemotherapy or radiation within the last year
7. History of stroke with disabling outcomes, brain tumor, epilepsy or intracranial surgery/hemorrhage
8. Psychiatric hospitalization in the last 90 days
9. Blood transfusion within the prior 4 weeks
10. Non-working telephone number
11. Current participant in an interventional clinical trial
12. Cannot perform study tasks on an iPad (e.g. not wearing corrective lenses necessary to read, inability to use both hands)
13. Subject considered unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial by PI, treating clinician or research study staff

Subjects presenting to the Emergency Department or Urgent Care with a blunt head trauma.