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Since February 2019 the first hybrid closed-loop insulin pump, the Medtronic MiniMed 670G system, has been offered to people with type 1 diabetes in Belgium. Despite previous studies, the impact of these automated insulin delivery systems on glycemic management and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) under real-world conditions is still unclear. Therefore, this prospective, multicenter real-world observational study will evaluate the real-world impact of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G, Medtronic MiniMed 780G, Tandem Control-IQ and Omnipod 5 systems, separately, on glycemic management and PROMs in people living with type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the safety of the Medtronic MiniMed 780G in young children with type 1 diabetes (2-6 years old). Participants will be followed in routine clinical practice for a period of 24 months after initiation of the system. The primary endpoint is the evolution of time spent in range (defined as a sensor glucose value between 70 and 180 mg/dL) from before start to 12 months after start of hybrid closed-loop therapy.
Since not much is known about the impact of hybrid closed-loop on partners of adults living with type 1 diabetes, an optional substudy (INRANGE-PARTNER) will be performed investigating the quality of life in partners of adults of type 1 diabetes using hybrid closed-loop therapy. More specifically, the substudy will compare the quality of life of partners of type 1 diabetes patients both before and after implementation of hybrid closed-loop therapy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| People with type 1 diabetes using Medtronic MiniMed 670G | People with type 1 diabetes, aged 8 years or older, who start with the Medtronic MiniMed 670G system (as part of routine clinical practice) in one of the 26 participating centers and who signed informed consent are eligible to participate. The decision about which person to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional. |
| |
| People with type 1 diabetes using Medtronic MiniMed 780G | People with type 1 diabetes, aged 7 years or older, who start with the Medtronic MiniMed 780G system (as part of routine clinical practice) in one of the 26 participating centers and who signed informed consent are eligible to participate. The decision about which person to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional. |
| |
| People with type 1 diabetes using Tandem Control-IQ | People with type 1 diabetes, aged 6 years or older, who start with the Tandem Control-IQ system (as part of routine clinical practice) in one of the 26 participating centers and who signed informed consent are eligible to participate. The decision about which person to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional. |
| |
| Young children (2-6 years) with type 1 diabetes using Medtronic MiniMed 780G | Young children with type 1 diabetes, aged 2-6 years, who start with the Medtronic 780G system (as part of routine clinical practice) in one of the 26 participating centers and whose parents signed informed consent are eligible to participate. The decision about which child to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medtronic MiniMed 670G | Device | The Medtronic Minimed 670G system is a form of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery. The Medtronic MiniMed 670G system automatically adjusts basal insulin every five minutes based on CGM readings to reach a glucose target of 120 mg/dL, the SmartGuard Auto Mode. Patients still need to enter their carbohydrate intake and administer meal-time and correction boluses. Before Auto Mode is introduced, the Medtronic MiniMed 670G system has to be worn in Manual Mode. In contrast to Auto Mode, Manual Mode features an insulin stop up to 30 minutes before or when reaching preset low limits (suspend before/on low) and an automatic insulin restart when blood sugar levels recover. During Manual Mode the pump 'becomes familiar with' the daily insulin need of the patient. This information will be used when in Auto Mode. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time in range | The evolution of percentage of time spent in range (sensor glucose 70-180 mg/dL) from before start to 12 months after start | 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time in range | Percentage of time spent in range (sensor glucose 70-180 mg/dL), with exclusion of the primary endpoint | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in tight range |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Severe hypoglycemia | Frequency of severe hypoglycemia | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | Frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis |
People with type 1 diabetes, aged 7 years and older who start with the Medtronic MiniMed 670G or 780G system, aged 6 years and older who start with the Tandem t:slim X2 Control-IQ or those aged 2 years and older who start with the Omnipod 5 in the participating centers and who signed informed consent or gave informed assent (pediatrics) are eligible to participate. For the safety study, children with type 1 diabetes aged 2-6 years old who start(ed) with the Medtronic MiniMed 780G system in Manual Mode, whose parents agree to enable Auto Mode (after at least 4 weeks of Manual Mode) and whose parents signed informed consent can be included. Auto Mode enablement is only possible if time since type 1 diabetes diagnosis is at least 6 months.
The decision about which person with type 1 diabetes to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional.
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Participants will be recruited at 26 diabetes convention hospitals in Belgium
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pieter Gillard, MD | UZ Leuven | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UZ Leuven | Leuven | Vlaams-Brabant | 3000 | Belgium | ||
| AZORG |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41144887 | Result | De Meulemeester J, Valgaerts L, Tenoutasse S, Gies I, den Brinker M, Fudvoye J, Mouraux T, Louis J, Lambert S, Van Loocke M, Smeets G, Lemay A, Ryckx S, Depoorter S, Van Aken S, Maris E, Mathieu C, Gillard P, Casteels K. One-year effectiveness and safety in young children aged 2-6 years with type 1 diabetes using an automated insulin delivery system: A real-world prospective cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026 Jan;28(1):551-561. doi: 10.1111/dom.70228. Epub 2025 Oct 27. | |
| 40333328 |
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| People with type 1 diabetes using Omnipod 5 | People with type 1 diabetes, aged 2 years or older, who start with the Omnipod 5 system (as part of routine clinical practice) in one of the 26 participating centers and who signed informed consent are eligible to participate. The decision about which person to start, is left to the clinical judgement of the treating health care professional. |
|
|
| Medtronic MiniMed 780G | Device | The Medtronic Minimed 780G system differs in several aspects from the MiniMed 670G system. In Auto Mode, the user can choose from two target levels for even more stricter glucose control (100 mg/dL and 120 mg/dL) and correction boluses are now automated without the need of user interaction. When administering meal boluses, no capillary blood glucose value is required. The safety feature to exit from Auto Mode to Manual Mode was too strict in the Minimed 670G. In the Minimed 780G this is more flexible to overcome this frequently reported patient frustration. |
|
| Tandem Control-IQ | Device | The Tandem t:slim X2 Control-IQ consists of the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ technology, and integrates with the Dexcom G6 CGM-device via Bluetooth. Blood glucose readings for calibration are not required. The Tandem t:slim X2 Control-IQ automatically adjusts basal insulin based on CGM readings to reach a glucose target range between of 112-160 mg/dL. Patients still need to enter their carbohydrate intake and administer meal-time boluses, but the system automatically increases the basal insulin dose or gives automated correction boluses in case of high blood glucose levels. The technology offers optional settings for sleep and exercise, with different glucose targets in order to match the insulin need during these activities. New versions of the pump software can be downloaded and installed remotely via the user's own computer. |
|
| Omnipod 5 | Device | The Omnipod® 5 (Insulet Corporation, Acton, MA, USA) consists of the tubeless Omnipod 5 insulin pump system with SmartAdjust™ technology and integrates with the Dexcom G6 and Freestyle Libre 2 plus CGM-device via Bluetooth. The Omnipod 5 system automatically adjusts insulin delivery every 5 minutes based on CGM readings to reach a customizable glucose target between 110-150 mg/dL. People still need to enter their carbohydrate intake and administer meal-time boluses, but the system automatically adjusts insulin delivery in response to predicted glucose levels. The technology offers an Activity feature with a higher glucose target to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia during exercise or other periods of increased insulin sensitivity. As a tubeless patch pump system, insulin delivery is managed directly through the wearable Pod, which is controlled via the dedicated controller or compatible smartphone application. |
|
Percentage of time spent in tight range (sensor glucose 70-140 mg/dL)
| from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in level 2 hypoglycemia | Percentage of time spent in level 2 hypoglycemia (sensor glucose <54 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in level 1 hypoglycemia | Percentage of time spent in level 1 hypoglycemia (sensor glucose <70 mg/dL and ≥54 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time below range | Percentage of time spent below range (sensor glucose <70 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time above range | Percentage of time spent above range (sensor glucose >180 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in level 1 hyperglycemia | Percentage of time spent in level 1 hyperglycemia (sensor glucose ≥180 mg/dL and <250 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in level 2 hyperglycemia | Percentage of time spent in level 2 hyperglycemia (sensor glucose >250 mg/dL) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time above 140 mg/dL | Percentage of time spent >140 mg/dL | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| HbA1c | HbA1c | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Mean glucose concentration | Mean glucose concentration | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Glycemic variability | Glycemic variability: coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Glucose management indicator | Glucose management indicator | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Glycemic risk index | Glycemic risk index | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Quality of life measured by the Short Form Health Survey 36-item (SF-36) version 2 questionnaire (scale: 0 (low quality of life) - 100 (high quality of life)) | Quality of life measured by the Short Form Health Survey 36-item (SF-36) version 2 questionnaire (scale: 0 (low quality of life) - 100 (high quality of life)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Hypoglycemia awareness measured by the Clarke hypoglycemia awareness survey (scale: unaware (≥4 times "R" or once "U") or aware (<4 times "R")) | Hypoglycemia awareness measured by the Clarke hypoglycemia awareness survey (scale: unaware (≥4 times "R" or once "U") or aware (<4 times "R")) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults and children |
| Hypoglycemia awareness measured by the Gold-scale (scale: 1 (aware) - 7 (unaware)) | Hypoglycemia awareness measured by the Gold-scale (scale: 1 (aware) - 7 (unaware)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults and children |
| Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, version II (HFS-II) questionnaire, behaviour (scale: 0 (less adapted behaviour) - 40 (more adapted behaviour)) | Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, version II (HFS-II) questionnaire, behaviour (scale: 0 (less adapted behaviour) - 40 (more adapted behaviour)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, version II (HFS-II) questionnaire, worry (scale: 0 (not worried) - 72 (very worried)) | Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, version II (HFS-II) questionnaire, worry (scale: 0 (not worried) - 72 (very worried)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Distress due to diabetes measured by the Problem Areas In Diabetes survey, short form (PAID-SF) questionnaire (scale: 0 (no distress) - 20 (very distressed)) | Distress due to diabetes measured by the Problem Areas In Diabetes survey, short form (PAID-SF) questionnaire (scale: 0 (no distress) - 20 (very distressed)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Treatment satisfaction measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, status (DTSQs. Scale: 0 (low satisfaction) - 36 (high satisfaction)) | Treatment satisfaction measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, status (DTSQs. Scale: 0 (low satisfaction) - 36 (high satisfaction)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Impact of diabetes and device satisfaction by the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction Scale (scale: device satisfaction = 7 (not satisfied) - 70 (very satisfied); diabetes impact = 4 (low impact) - 40 (high impact)) | Impact of diabetes and device satisfaction by the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction Scale (scale: device satisfaction = 7 (not satisfied) - 70 (very satisfied); diabetes impact = 4 (low impact) - 40 (high impact)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for adults |
| Treatment satisfaction measured by a self-developed questionnaire about expectations towards the use of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G/780G system (multiple choice) | Treatment satisfaction measured by a self-developed questionnaire about expectations towards the use of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G/780G system (multiple choice) | at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start of the Medtronic MiniMed 670G and 780G system for adults and children |
| Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for children (HFS-C) questionnaire, worry (scale: 0 (not worried) - 60 (very worried)) | Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for children (HFS-C) questionnaire, worry (scale: 0 (not worried) - 60 (very worried)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for children |
| Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for children (HFS-C) questionnaire, behaviour (scale: 0 (less adapted behaviour) - 40 (more adapted behaviour)) | Fear of hypoglycemia measured by the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for children (HFS-C) questionnaire, behaviour (scale: 0 (less adapted behaviour) - 40 (more adapted behaviour)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for children |
| The Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth (DQOLY) questionnaire | The Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth (DQOLY) questionnaire | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for children |
| Questionnaire for parents of children and adolescents with diabetes, a part of the HAPPI-D QOL Protocol (Hvidøre, Adolescent, Parent, Professional, Instrument, Diabetes) | Questionnaire for parents of children and adolescents with diabetes, a part of the HAPPI-D QOL Protocol (Hvidøre, Adolescent, Parent, Professional, Instrument, Diabetes) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for parents |
| The Parent's fear of hypoglycemia scale - modified version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for use with parents | The Parent's fear of hypoglycemia scale - modified version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for use with parents | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start for parents |
| from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Hospital visits and/or admissions | Number of hospital visits and/or admissions because of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Work and school absenteeism | Work and school absenteeism (number of days that a patient was unable to attend work/school due to his/her diabetes (excluding consultation)) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| (Unplanned) contacts with the diabetes team | Frequency of (unplanned) contacts with the diabetes team | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Change in total daily dose of insulin (units/day) | Change in total daily dose of insulin (units/day) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Change in body weight (kilograms) | Change in body weight (kilograms) | from before start to 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after start |
| Time in Manual Mode | Percentage of time spent in Manual Mode | only measured at month 4, 8, 12 and 24 after start |
| Time in Auto Mode | Percentage of time spent in Auto Mode | only measured at month 4, 8, 12 and 24 after start |
| Indications for use of hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by a self-developed questionnaire (multiple options (non-ordinal)) | Indications for use of hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by a self-developed questionnaire (multiple options (non-ordinal)) | at start |
| Patients who stop | Number of patients who stop with hybrid closed-loop therapy | only measured at stop |
| Reasons for discontinuation of hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by a self-developed questionnaire (multiple choice) | Reasons for discontinuation of hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by a self-developed questionnaire (multiple choice) | only measured at stop |
| Quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy measured by the DAWN (Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs) Impact of Diabetes Profile Family Members (DIDP-FM) questionnaire (scale: 0 (less negative impact) - 100 (more negative impact)) Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Difference in quality of life in partners of T1D patients before and after implementation of hybrid closed-loop therapy, measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Difference in quality of life in partners of T1D patients before and after implementation of hybrid closed-loop therapy, measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Difference in quality of life in partners of T1D patients before and after implementation of hybrid closed-loop therapy, measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Difference in quality of life in partners of T1D patients before and after implementation of hybrid closed-loop therapy, measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'quality of life of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients', both measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'quality of life of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients', both measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between composite endpoint 'HbA1c and time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2. Note: substudy only | Correlation between composite endpoint 'HbA1c and time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between composite endpoint 'HbA1c and time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using the hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: substudy only | Correlation between composite endpoint 'HbA1c and time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using the hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'frequency of severe hypoglycemia' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'frequency of severe hypoglycemia' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'frequency of severe hypoglycemia' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'frequency of severe hypoglycemia' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'duration of type 1 diabetes of the patient (years)' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2. Note: substudy only | Correlation between 'duration of type 1 diabetes of the patient (years)' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Correlation between 'duration of type 1 diabetes of the patient (years)' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | Correlation between 'duration of type 1 diabetes of the patient (years)' and 'quality of life in partners of T1D patients using hybrid closed-loop therapy', the latter being measured by the DIDP-FM questionnaire. Note: only in case of substudy | from before start to 12 months after start |
| Aalst |
| 9300 |
| Belgium |
| GZA Ziekenhuizen - campus Sint-Vincentius | Antwerp | 2018 | Belgium |
| ZAS - pediatrics | Antwerp | 2020 | Belgium |
| Hôpital d'Arlon | Arlon | 6700 | Belgium |
| Imeldaziekenhuis | Bonheiden | 2820 | Belgium |
| AZ Sint-Jan - pediatrics | Bruges | 8000 | Belgium |
| AZ Sint-Jan | Bruges | 8000 | Belgium |
| Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - pediatrics | Brussels | 1020 | Belgium |
| Hôpital Erasme | Brussels | 1070 | Belgium |
| Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc - pediatrics | Brussels | 1200 | Belgium |
| Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc | Brussels | 1200 | Belgium |
| Grand Hôpital de Charleroi - pediatrics | Charleroi | 6000 | Belgium |
| UZ Antwerpen - pediatrics | Edegem | 2650 | Belgium |
| UZ Antwerpen | Edegem | 2650 | Belgium |
| ZOL Sint-Jan | Genk | 3600 | Belgium |
| UZ Gent - pediatrics | Ghent | 9000 | Belgium |
| UZ Gent | Ghent | 9000 | Belgium |
| Jessa - pediatrics | Hasselt | 3500 | Belgium |
| Jessa | Hasselt | 3500 | Belgium |
| UZ Brussel - pediatrics | Jette | 1090 | Belgium |
| UZ Brussel | Jette | 1090 | Belgium |
| AZ Groeninge - campus kennedylaan | Kortrijk | 8500 | Belgium |
| CHR Citadelle | Liège | 4000 | Belgium |
| CHU de Liège - site du Sart Tilman | Liège | 4000 | Belgium |
| Clinique CHC Montlégia - pediatrics | Liège | 4000 | Belgium |
| Clinique CHC Montlégia | Liège | 4000 | Belgium |
| CHR Citadelle - pediatrics | Liège | 4030 | Belgium |
| ZOL Maas en Kempen - pediatrics | Maaseik | 3680 | Belgium |
| CHU Helora | Mons | 7000 | Belgium |
| AZ Oostende | Ostend | 8400 | Belgium |
| AZ Delta - pediatrics | Roeselare | 8800 | Belgium |
| AZ Delta | Roeselare | 8800 | Belgium |
| Vitaz - pediatrics | Sint-Niklaas | 9100 | Belgium |
| VITAZ | Sint-Niklaas | 9100 | Belgium |
| AZ Turnhout - pediatrics | Turnhout | 2300 | Belgium |
| GZA Ziekenhuizen - campus Sint-Augustinus | Wilrijk | 2610 | Belgium |
| CHU UCL Namur - pediatrics | Yvoir | 5530 | Belgium |
| Result |
| De Meulemeester J, Valgaerts L, Massa G, Gies I, Depoorter S, Van Aken S, Chivu O, den Brinker M, Mouraux T, Van Loocke M, Lebrethon MC, Messaaoui A, Lysy P, Dooms L, Mathieu C, Casteels K, Gillard P. Real-World Glycemic and Person-Reported Outcomes After Tandem Control-IQ Initiation in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Nov 18;110(12):3331-3341. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf265. |
| 39934368 | Result | De Meulemeester J, Keymeulen B, De Block C, Van Huffel L, Taes Y, Ballaux D, Spincemaille K, Lapauw B, Vanhaverbeke G, Lowyck I, Vercammen C, Colin IM, Preumont V, Charleer S, Fieuws S, Mathieu C, Gillard P. One-year real-world benefits of Tandem Control-IQ technology on glucose management and person-reported outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes: a prospective observational cohort study. Diabetologia. 2025 May;68(5):948-960. doi: 10.1007/s00125-025-06366-x. Epub 2025 Feb 11. |
| 38924290 | Derived | Aernouts C, Belde SPW, Lambrechts J, Mertens J, Ledeganck KJ, Francque SM, De Block CEM. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with worse time in ranges in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024 Sep;26(9):3781-3790. doi: 10.1111/dom.15723. Epub 2024 Jun 25. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
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