This is a nationwide, multicenter and prospective cohort study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the synergistic effect and safety of Elemene plus TKIs in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

About 9.2%-45.8% of Chinese patients with Non-small cell lung cancer were positive for EGFR gene mutation. Gefitinib, Erlotinib, Icotinib, Afatinib showed efficacy superior to that of chemotherapy in the treatment of EGFR mutation positive advanced NSCLC, and lower rates of serious adverse events. However, after a median of 8 to 13 months of disease control, patients ultimately progress due to acquired resistance of EGFR-TKIs. Elemene, a chemotherapeutic isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma Zedoariae, has been shown to have a comprehensive anti-tumor effect and the potential effect on reversing drug resistance.

In this study, about 22 research centers will participate in. We planned to enroll 744 patients with advanced non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma who were positive for EGFR mutations. The dynamic random method will be adopted in this study. Patients will be randomly divided into the experimental group（Elemene plus first or third generation EGFR-TKIs), and control group (First or third generation EGFR-TKIs, only). The purpose of this study is evaluating the synergistic effect and safety of Elemene plus TKIs in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We also try to analyze the correlation between molecular biomarkers and patient prognosis, including but not limited to drug-resistant genes and circulating tumor cells.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18.
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma(stage IIIB~IV).
3. Patients with EGFR mutations (deletions in exon 19 and L858R in exon 21 of the EGFR gene), plan to receive First-generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitinib, Erlotinib, Icotinib) or third generation EGFR-TKIs (including but not limited to Osimertinib, Almonertinib, Furmonertinib) monotherapy for the first time (patients who have been using first- or third-generation EGFR-TKIs for less than 28 days can be enrolled).
4. Patients positive for EGFR gene mutation (deletions in exon 19 and L858R in exon 21 of the EGFR gene), with disease progression after receiving chemotherapy can be enrolled.
5. Confirmed by investigators, tumor tissue can't be surgically excised.
6. No prior exposure to elemene injectable and/or oral emulsion within one month.
7. Prior exposure to other Chinese patent medicine with similar efficacy within one month. If more than one month, patients can be enrolled after a 30-day washout period (without continuing to use the above medications).
8. The participant must be capable of understanding and complying with the protocol and willing to sign a written informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with any EGFR mutations other than 19DEL or 21L858R.
2. Accompanied by other active tumors. (Except for stable basal cell carcinoma after treatment， If metachronous tumors have been controlled, participating was allowed )
3. Exposure to First- or third-generation EGFR-TKIs combined treatment, for example, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy.
4. Receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
5. Pregnant or lactating women.
6. Allergic to Elemene.
7. Participating in other drug clinical trials.
8. Refuse to comply with the follow-up.
9. The researchers did not consider it appropriate to participate in this study for other reasons.