The gekoTM device is a small disposable battery powered device that attaches to the lower leg near the knee and stimulates the common peroneal nerve, causing muscle contraction of the lower leg. This contraction increases blood flow and the device is used to treat several conditions including deep vein thrombosis and venous leg ulcers.

There is evidence that some powered muscle stimulators and related devices can affect Cardiac Demand Pacemakers. This study is to ascertain if there is any such interaction between the gekoTM device and permanently implanted cardiac pacemakers.

CFR.890.5850 requires that the labelling for powered muscle stimulators includes the contraindication 'Powered muscle stimulators should not be used on patients with cardiac demand pacemakers'.

Further, IEC 60601-2-10:2012 clause 210.7.9.2.101d, requires that the instructions for use provide: 'Advice that a PATIENT with an implanted electronic device (for example a cardiac pacemaker) should not be subjected to stimulation unless specialist medical opinion has first been obtained'. However, no details on what criteria the specialist should apply.

There is evidence that some powered muscle stimulators, and related devices can affect Cardiac Demand Pacemakers(1,2). Traditional powered muscle stimulators use pulse trains at a frequency of at least 30Hz(3) to elicit muscle contractions. The electrodes for these devices may be placed at number of sites on the body depending on the application, including the legs, arms and torso, often with well-spaced electrodes that may be attached to different limbs, sending electrical impulses through the torso.

The geko™ range of devices, however operate by delivering a single pulse at a frequency of 1Hz with electrodes placed topically, close together, at the knee. The nature of the stimulation pulse, and its location make it extremely unlikely that the geko™ devices could interfere with cardiac demand pacemakers. However, there is no direct evidence to support this assumption. This trial will determine if there are any adverse interactions between the geko™ and cardiac pacemakers.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female aged ≥ 18 years and able to provide written informed consent.
• Intact healthy skin at the site of geko™ device application.
• Patient has a single, dual or bi-ventricular pacemaker implanted and is not pacing dependent.
• Patient understands and is willing to participate in the study and is able to comply with study procedures and visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or breast feeding.
• Use of any concurrent use of a neuro-modulation device.
• Any medication deemed by the Investigator to potentially interfere with the study treatment (e.g. systemic steroids.)
• Participation in any other clinical study that may interfere with the outcome of either study