The retrospective cohort study INFINITY will be an instrument to analyze the current practice of precision oncology in the real-world setting. It will provide insight into real-world biomarker-directed treatment of cancer patients not eligible for standard therapies. The study will retrospectively collect medical records' data of patients who received a targeted treatment based on a potentially actionable alteration or biomarker identified by molecular diagnostics. Data of deceased patients will be included. The study will analyze how molecular test results guided clinical decision making. The compiled treatment and outcome data will be a valuable resource to analyze the use and effectiveness of targeted therapy approaches in biomarker-defined and entity-defined subpopulations of cancer patients. These signals might generate new insights and foster progress of targeted cancer treatment. The associated biomarker profiling module aims to set up a decentral biobank for future research on molecular alterations or central re-testing.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Advanced solid tumors (i.e. locally advanced, inoperable and/or metastatic) or hematologic malignancies not eligible for standard therapy options (i.e. without further treatment options with drugs approved for the specific indication based on the judgement of the treating physician)
• Started or completed at the documenting study site a non-standard targeted therapy based on an actionable alteration or biomarker identified by molecular diagnostics
• Results on molecular diagnostics (e.g. tumor genomic or protein expression test) must be available; based on these results the therapy decision was taken
• Targeted therapy (given as monotherapy or as part of a therapy regimen) must be non-standard at time point of patient registration in the eCRF
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Signed and dated informed consent form (only if patient is alive at time of data entry into the project; not applicable for inclusion of deceased patients' data)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non-standard targeted therapy was given within a clinical trial
• The targeted therapy was given in a line of treatment for which it is non-standard (e.g. treatment in first line instead of second line where it is approved); the targeted therapy is however in principle approved for the given entity
• The targeted therapy was non-standard because a certain prior treatment has not been applied (e.g. targeted therapy is only approved after platin-based treatment but has been given without prior platin-based treatment); the targeted therapy is however in principle approved for the given entity
• The targeted therapy was non-standard because a different or no chemotherapy back-bone has been applied (e.g. targeted therapy is approved in combination with cisplatin but has been given with oxaliplatin or without chemotherapy backbone); the targeted therapy is however in principle approved for the given entity

Adult patients with advanced solid tumors or hematologic malignancies not eligible for standard therapies who received a targeted therapy based on an actionable alteration or biomarker identified by molecular diagnostics