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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of measured and induced negative feelings on glucose, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cortisol levels in healthy participants and participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Depression and Diabetes are two pathologies that are frequently comorbid. Stress and negative thoughts are part of both. The biological correlates of psychological and emotional life are not yet fully clarified, so in this study we wonder about the association between tumor necrosis factor alpha, cortisol, and peripheral glucose levels with depression stress, measured negative thoughts, and induced guilt.This is a randomized intervention study. At baseline, participants complete the Beck Depression Inventory, the Automatic Negative Thoughts Scale (ATQ-N), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The intervention consists of a written task about situations that involved feelings of guilt or neutral situations. Saliva and dextrostix samples are taken before the 20-minute written task, at the end, dextrostix and saliva samples are performed again, finally a blood sample is taken.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guilty feelings | Experimental | Write for 20 minutes about a situation that in the participant's past life has caused feelings of guilt. |
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| Neutral feelings | Placebo Comparator | Write for 20 minutes about a situation that in the participant's past life has caused neutral feelings. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guilty feelings | Behavioral | Participants write for 20 minutes about situations that have caused them feelings of guilt throughout their lives. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose levels | mg/dL | Sample collection is two times during a single day for each participant, with an interval of 20 minutes. Since it will be measured in fasting, it will take place between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. |
| Salivary cortisol | mg/dL | Sample collection is two times during a single day for each participant, with an interval of 20 minutes. Since it will be measured in fasting, it will take place between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. |
| Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha | mg/dL | Sample collection is two times during a single day for each participant, with an interval of 20 minutes. It will take place between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived stress | Perceived stress scale (PSS-14), range 0-40.Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress. Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress. Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress. | This variable is measured in a single day and represents the week prior to the study. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Francisco C. López Marquez, PhD | Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Centro de investigación Biomédica | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facultad de medicina De la UADEC Unidad Torreón | Torreón | Coahuila | 27000 | Mexico |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| Negative thoughts | Automatic negative thoughts scale (ATQ-N), range 0-90. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (more negative thoughts). | This variable is measured in a single day and represents the month prior to the study. |
| Depression | Beck's Depression Inventory, range 0-63. Higher number indicating more severe depression. | This variable is measured in a single day and represents the week prior to the study. |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |