Neonates could be infected by non-polio enterovirus easily. Some of the neonates may develop fatal complications within one week. The objective of this study were as following: 1.To understand the composition and epidemiological characteristics of enterovirus infection in pregnant women in some areas of China; 2.To understand the transmission from mother to their neonates; 3.To understand the pathogenic spectrum composition, epidemiological characteristics and clinical characteristics of enterovirus infection in neonates; 4.To understand the genetic variation and changes of enteroviruses; 5.To establish a quality management system for maternal and neonatal enterovirus laboratory testing and monitoring.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. General parturient: on the first day of the third week of each month, all parturients and their newborns admitted to the hospital (day shift 8:00-18:00) within that day; 2. Puerpera with fever: all puerperas with fever (body temperature >=37.5 degree C) and their newborns were included in summer and autumn (from May); 3. Febrile newborns: those included in summer and autumn (from May) with the following clinical characteristics: fever >=37.5 degree C, lasting for more than one day. And sign the informed consent form with the consent of the guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Pregnant women with urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and bacterial infection; 2. Puerpera with fever due to urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and bacterial infection; 3. Newborns infected with other pathogens.

Three population would be studied. 1. General parturient; 2. Puerpera with fever; 3, Febrile newborns.