This study is a prospective observational cohort. The target study population is PLHIV who receive ART at hospitals and community-based organizations (CBOs) in Chiang Mai, Ubon Ratchathani, Chonburi, and Songkhla. Participants will receive ART service in the same standard as in the hospital setting. Secondary data will be collected from the medical records already existed in the hospital and CBO systems.

DSD-ART service at the Hospital

• Medical examination: All clients who receive ART service at the hospital and agree to participate in the research project will be interviewed to collect personal information and receive physical and laboratory examination in order to assess eligibility in research participation. If ineligible, the clients will be referred to the standard of care.
• Preparation and DSD-ART service offer: PLHIV who are eligible to participate in the research will receive counselling to assess the supports the clients need and will be offered various models of DSD-ART service. The clients may choose the model that is most suitable to their lifestyle.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Thai citizenship
2. Age ≥ 18
3. HIV positive
4. Received ART for at least 6 months at a participating hospital (Except for After hour ART clinic model that will allow participants who receive ART less than 6 months into service)

Exclusion Criteria:

N/A

Data officer will collect secondary data regarding ART refill, laboratory test, counseling, doctor visit for HIV-related conditions, such as adverse drug reaction, opportunistic infections, and comorbidities, from the medical records already existed in the hospital and community-based organization systems and entered into the case report form. The identity of the clients will be untraceable since UL, which is a unique letter code assigned to each participant using Thai initials and date of birth translated into English alphabets, will be used as an individual identifier. The data will be collected prospectively for 24 months and retrospectively for up to 5 years from the screening date.