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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Stryker Nordic | INDUSTRY |
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One of the primary goals of spine surgery is to reduce pain and increase mobility to improve patients' quality of life. Currently, there is no established method for surgeons to objectively track their patients' mobilization postoperatively. This study is the first prospective trial utilizing the Apple Watch to objectively track patients before and after elective spine surgery. The investigators hypothesize that the ability of patients to track their own activity and discuss with their surgeon objective mobilization goals will not only help patients achieve empowerment in their own care but also improve their overall satisfaction and self-reported outcomes after spine surgery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Participants will receive standard care. | |
| Apple Watch and App | Experimental | Participants will receive standard care, and an Apple Watch to record activity through the App. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple Watch and App | Device | Participants in the Apple Watch and App arm will receive an Apple Watch and download an App (NeuroCoach). The Apple Watch and App are used for this study to record patient's mobility information (e.g., step counts, heart rate, stairs climbed, distance traveled) as well as provide an additional platform for patients to complete questionnaires. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| 2-6 weeks pre-operatively |
| Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| 4-6 weeks post-operatively |
| Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Corinna Zygourakis, MD | Department of Neurosurgery at Stanford University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University Hospital | Palo Alto | California | 94305 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28660102 | Background | Bernstein DN, Brodell D, Li Y, Rubery PT, Mesfin A. Impact of the Economic Downturn on Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery in the United States: A National Trend Analysis, 2003 to 2013. Global Spine J. 2017 May;7(3):213-219. doi: 10.1177/2192568217694151. Epub 2017 Apr 6. | |
| 8059266 | Background | Davis H. Increasing rates of cervical and lumbar spine surgery in the United States, 1979-1990. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 May 15;19(10):1117-23; discussion 1123-4. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199405001-00003. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| 2017 Profile of Older Americans | View source |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control | Participants receive standard care. |
| FG001 | Apple Watch and App | Participants receive standard care, and an Apple Watch to record activity through the NeuroCoach App, recording patient's mobility information (e.g., step counts, heart rate, stairs climbed, distance traveled) as well as provide an additional platform for patients to complete questionnaires. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Participants who completed 12 month assessments
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control | Participants receive standard care. |
| BG001 | Apple Watch and App | Participants receive standard care, and an Apple Watch to record activity through the NeuroCoach App. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| Participants with data for the respective time frame and patient-reported outcome. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Number | correlation coefficient | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively |
Up to approximately 1 year
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control | Participants receive standard care. | 0 |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corinna Zygourakis, MD | Stanford University | (650) 723-6469 | corinnaz@stanford.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Jul 31, 2024 | Nov 25, 2025 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 26, 2025 | Nov 26, 2025 | SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013122 | Spinal Diseases |
| D013130 | Spinal Stenosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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|
| 6 weeks-3 months post-operatively |
| Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| 3-6 months post-operatively |
| Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| 6-12 months post-operatively |
| Change in Objective Outcome Measures: Number of Steps After Surgery | Steps per day collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the respective outcome measure time frame. Change was calculated as the post-baseline value minus the baseline value (which was normalized to zero). | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively; 4-6 weeks, 6 weeks-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months post-operatively |
| Change in Objective Outcome Measures: Distance Traveled (Meters) After Surgery | Meters per day collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the respective outcome measure time frame. Change was calculated as the post-baseline value minus the baseline value (which was normalized to zero). | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively; 4-6 weeks, 6 weeks-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months post-operatively |
| Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively |
| Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | 4-6 weeks post-operatively |
| Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | 6 weeks-3 months post-operatively |
| Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | 3-6 months post-operatively |
| Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | 6-12 months post-operatively |
| Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | 6 weeks post-operatively |
| Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | 3 months post-operatively |
| Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | 6 months post-operatively |
| Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | 12 months post-operatively |
| 26378351 | Background | O'Lynnger TM, Zuckerman SL, Morone PJ, Dewan MC, Vasquez-Castellanos RA, Cheng JS. Trends for Spine Surgery for the Elderly: Implications for Access to Healthcare in North America. Neurosurgery. 2015 Oct;77 Suppl 4:S136-41. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000945. |
| 28350948 | Background | Parker SL, Chotai S, Devin CJ, Tetreault L, Mroz TE, Brodke DS, Fehlings MG, McGirt MJ. Bending the Cost Curve-Establishing Value in Spine Surgery. Neurosurgery. 2017 Mar 1;80(3S):S61-S69. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyw081. |
| 24843814 | Background | Epstein NE. A review article on the benefits of early mobilization following spinal surgery and other medical/surgical procedures. Surg Neurol Int. 2014 Apr 16;5(Suppl 3):S66-73. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.130674. eCollection 2014. |
| 26571179 | Background | Guzman JZ, Cutler HS, Connolly J, Skovrlj B, Mroz TE, Riew KD, Cho SK. Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments in Spine Surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Mar;41(5):429-37. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001211. |
| 27623763 | Background | Lu TC, Fu CM, Ma MH, Fang CC, Turner AM. Healthcare Applications of Smart Watches. A Systematic Review. Appl Clin Inform. 2016 Sep 14;7(3):850-69. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2016-03-R-0042. |
| 27612974 | Background | Reeder B, David A. Health at hand: A systematic review of smart watch uses for health and wellness. J Biomed Inform. 2016 Oct;63:269-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 6. |
| 29567635 | Background | Henriksen A, Haugen Mikalsen M, Woldaregay AZ, Muzny M, Hartvigsen G, Hopstock LA, Grimsgaard S. Using Fitness Trackers and Smartwatches to Measure Physical Activity in Research: Analysis of Consumer Wrist-Worn Wearables. J Med Internet Res. 2018 Mar 22;20(3):e110. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9157. |
| 27433430 | Background | Mobbs RJ, Phan K, Maharaj M, Rao PJ. Physical Activity Measured with Accelerometer and Self-Rated Disability in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Prospective Study. Global Spine J. 2016 Aug;6(5):459-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1565259. Epub 2015 Oct 13. |
| 27114781 | Background | Phan K, Mobbs RJ. Long-Term Objective Physical Activity Measurements using a Wireless Accelerometer Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion Surgery. Asian Spine J. 2016 Apr;10(2):366-9. doi: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.2.366. Epub 2016 Apr 15. |
| 31017587 | Background | Breteler MJ, Janssen JH, Spiering W, Kalkman CJ, van Solinge WW, Dohmen DA. Measuring Free-Living Physical Activity With Three Commercially Available Activity Monitors for Telemonitoring Purposes: Validation Study. JMIR Form Res. 2019 Apr 24;3(2):e11489. doi: 10.2196/11489. |
| 29633143 | Background | Veerabhadrappa P, Moran MD, Renninger MD, Rhudy MB, Dreisbach SB, Gift KM. Tracking Steps on Apple Watch at Different Walking Speeds. J Gen Intern Med. 2018 Jun;33(6):795-796. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4332-y. |
| 29650506 | Background | Xie J, Wen D, Liang L, Jia Y, Gao L, Lei J. Evaluating the Validity of Current Mainstream Wearable Devices in Fitness Tracking Under Various Physical Activities: Comparative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Apr 12;6(4):e94. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.9754. |
| 37955445 | Derived | Maldaner N, Tang M, Fatemi P, Leung C, Desai A, Tomkins-Lane C, Zygourakis C. Standardizing Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Disorders. Neurosurgery. 2024 Apr 1;94(4):788-796. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002755. Epub 2023 Nov 13. |
| Global Smartwatch Vendor Market Share | View source |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Self-reported by patient | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| ID |
|---|
| Title |
|---|
| Description |
|---|
| OG000 | Apple Watch and App | Participants receive standard care, and an Apple Watch to record activity through the NeuroCoach App. |
|
|
|
| Primary | Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| Participants with data for the respective time frame and patient-reported outcome. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Number | correlation coefficient | 4-6 weeks post-operatively |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| Participants with data for the respective time frame and patient-reported outcome. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Number | correlation coefficient | 6 weeks-3 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| Participants with data for the respective time frame and patient-reported outcome. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Number | correlation coefficient | 3-6 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Correlation Between Objective Patient Measures (Steps, Distance Travelled, From Apple Watch) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (SF-36, EQ-5D, PROMIS, NDI, ODI) | Steps and distance (meters) collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the outcome measure time frame. Survey scores were collected at the end of the outcome measure time frame.
| Participants with data for the respective time frame and patient-reported outcome. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Number | correlation coefficient | 6-12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Objective Outcome Measures: Number of Steps After Surgery | Steps per day collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the respective outcome measure time frame. Change was calculated as the post-baseline value minus the baseline value (which was normalized to zero). | Participants with available data at the respective time point. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | steps per day | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively; 4-6 weeks, 6 weeks-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Objective Outcome Measures: Distance Traveled (Meters) After Surgery | Meters per day collected by Apple Watch were averaged across the respective outcome measure time frame. Change was calculated as the post-baseline value minus the baseline value (which was normalized to zero). | Participants with available data at the respective time point. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters per day | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively; 4-6 weeks, 6 weeks-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | Participants with available data. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours per day | 2-6 weeks pre-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | Participants with available data. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours per day | 4-6 weeks post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | Participants with available data. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours per day | 6 weeks-3 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | Participants with available data. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours per day | 3-6 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Compliance With Wearing Apple Watch - Wear Time | Average hours wear time per day across the outcome measure time frame. | Participants with available data. This outcome was evaluated on the Apple Watch and App group only (the Control group was not assigned an Apple Watch). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | hours per day | 6-12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | Participants who completed the survey at this time point | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 weeks post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | Participants who completed the survey at this time point | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | Participants who completed the survey at this time point | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| Primary | Patient Satisfaction With Their Spine Care | Reported as the number of participants, by response category. | Participants who completed the survey at this time point | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| 91 |
| 0 |
| 91 |
| 0 |
| 91 |
| EG001 | Apple Watch and App | Participants receive standard care, and an Apple Watch to record activity through the NeuroCoach App. | 0 | 96 | 0 | 96 | 0 | 96 |
Not provided
Not provided
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|
| Steps to PROMIS |
|
|
| Steps to NDI |
|
|
| Steps to ODI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to SF-36 |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to EQ-5D |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to PROMIS |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to NDI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to ODI |
|
|
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.12858419 |
The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). |
| Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.93040170 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.38647114 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to SF-36 | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.09091440 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to EQ-5D | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.12858419 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.93040170 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.38647114 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
|
| Steps to PROMIS |
|
|
| Steps to NDI |
|
|
| Steps to ODI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to SF-36 |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to EQ-5D |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to PROMIS |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to NDI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to ODI |
|
|
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.36288455 |
The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). |
| Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | 0.95547874 | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.65291937 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | 0.61429132 | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to SF-36 | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.15896420 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to EQ-5D | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.39253325 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.99526258 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.65291937 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.67694276 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
|
| Steps to PROMIS |
|
|
| Steps to NDI |
|
|
| Steps to ODI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to SF-36 |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to EQ-5D |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to PROMIS |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to NDI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to ODI |
|
|
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.08121447 |
The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). |
| Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.59932922 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.35813970 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to SF-36 | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.06340316 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to EQ-5D | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.08121447 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.59932922 | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.35813970 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
|
| Steps to PROMIS |
|
|
| Steps to NDI |
|
|
| Steps to ODI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to SF-36 |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to EQ-5D |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to PROMIS |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to NDI |
|
|
| Distance traveled (meters) to ODI |
|
|
| Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) |
| 0.37244637 |
The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). |
| Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.93040170 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: steps to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.38647114 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to SF-36 | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.71552390 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to EQ-5D | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.35456143 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to PROMIS | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.95547874 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to NDI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.93040170 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
| Analysis of correlation: distance (meters) to ODI | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.42512141 | The a priori threshold for statistical significance is < 0.05. The p-value is adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH method). | Other |
|
| 3-6 months post-operatively |
|
|
| 6-12 months post-operatively |
|
|
|
| 6 months post-operatively |
|
|
| 12 months post-operatively |
|
|
| Somewhat satisfied |
|
| Neutral |
|
| Not at all satisfied |
|
| Somewhat satisfied |
|
| Neutral |
|
| Not at all satisfied |
|
| Somewhat satisfied |
|
| Neutral |
|
| Not at all satisfied |
|
| Somewhat satisfied |
|
| Neutral |
|
| Not at all satisfied |
|