MPAT is method developed and verified by our team. In this therapy, patients are corrected into a postural position where the joints are functionally centered. Somatosensory (manual and verbal) stimuli are then applied to activate motor programs in the brain, which then lead to the co-contraction of the patient's whole body when laying, sitting, standing up or moving forward. Activated programs are repeated under various conditions and in different situations and environments to teach the patients to automatically use the acquired motor skills in daily life. Therapy was realized within the ambulatory area of the Department of Neurology at Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital in Prague.

VRL is a standard approach for patients with MS in the Czech Republic. In the therapy, global patterns of the reflex locomotion are activated by stimulation of specific zones, with the individual placed in a precisely determined initial position (supine, prone and side laying, low kneeling position). These movement patterns have the qualities of the forward movement (locomotion) and the movement responses are precisely defined. Reflex locomotion (reflex turning and reflex creeping) is used in therapy to activate involuntarily responses of muscle function, which are necessary for spontaneous movements. Therapy was realized at the Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine at Motol University Hospital.

All groups underwent two months' therapy, 16 face-to-face sessions (1 hour, twice a week for two months).

cortisol, cortisone, 7 alfa-OH-DHEA, 7 beta-OH-DHEA, 7 oxo- oxo-DHEA, DHEA

14 items objective measure of static balance and risk of falls (0 the best, 56 the worse)

The PASAT is presented using audio cassette tape or compact disk to ensure standardization in the rate of stimulus presentation. Single digits are presented every 3 seconds and the patient must add each new digit to the one immediately prior to it.