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The purpose os this study is examine the effect and feasibility (usability and satisfaction) of an iCBT (GROw program) for adults with PGD
The death of a loved one has physical, psychological, and social consequences. Between 9.8 and 21.5% of people who lose a loved one develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Internet- and computer-based interventions (i.e., Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, iCBT) are cost-effective and scalable alternatives that make it possible to reach more people with PGD. The main goal of the present investigation was to examine the effect and feasibility (usability and satisfaction) of an iCBT (GROw program) for adults with PGD. A secondary objective was to detect adherence to the app (Emotional Monitor) used to measure daily grief symptoms. The study had a single-case multiple-baseline AB design with six participants. The GROw program is organized sequentially in eight modules, and it is based on the dual-process model of coping with bereavement. Evaluations included a pre-to-post treatment assessment of depression, grief symptoms, and typical grief beliefs, along with daily measures of symptom frequency and intensity on the Emotional Monitor App. Treatment opinions and adherence to the App were also collected. Efficacy data were calculated using a Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) analysis and Reliable Change Index (RCI).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment condition - 9 days wait | Experimental | Internet-based Self Applied Treatment Program. Main components: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
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| Treatment condition - 12 days wait | Experimental | Internet-based Self Applied Treatment Program. Main components: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
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| Treatment condition - 17 days wait | Experimental | Internet-based Self Applied Treatment Program. Main components: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
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| Treatment condition - 19 days wait | Experimental | Internet-based Self Applied Treatment Program. Main components: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GROw: An Internet based Self Applied Treatment Program for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) | Behavioral | It is a self-applied treatment through the web "psicologÃaytecnologÃa.labpsitec.es". There are 8 treatment modules. Each module lasts approximately 60 minutes. It contains written information, videos, audios, photos and interactive questionnaires. The total duration of treatment is 8-10 weeks. A support call will be made a week (maximum 10 minutes) to answer questions and reinforce and motivate the patient. No additional clinical content or counselling will be provided. Main components of the treatment: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Emotional Pain: intensity of sadness, anger, anxiety, guilt and grief | * Evaluation from mobile app Item 1: In relation to the death of your loved one; What intensity of sadness have you felt TODAY? Item2: In relation to the death of your loved one; What intensity of anger have you felt TODAY? Item 3: In relation to the death of your loved one; What intensity of anxiety have you felt TODAY? Item 4: In relation to the death of your loved one; What intensity of guilt have you felt TODAY? Item 5: In relation to the death of your loved one; What intensity of pain from loss have you felt TODAY? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in frequency of sad memories | Item: How often have you remembered TODAY the absence of your loved one with enormous and deep sadness? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in frequency of memories that produce anger |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction with the treatment |
| At the end of the treatment |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universitat Jaume I | Castellon | Castellón | 12071 | Spain |
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| Treatment condition - 33 days wait | Experimental | Internet-based Self Applied Treatment Program. Main components: Motivation for change, Psychoeducation, Behavioral activation, Exposure, Mindfulness and compassion strategies, integration of loss, restoration and reconstruction of meaning, Cognitive reappraisal and Relapse prevention |
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Item: How often have you remembered TODAY the absence of your loved one with a huge and deep anger? * Evaluation from mobile app |
| Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in frequency of memories that produce anxiety | Item: How often have you remembered TODAY the absence of your loved one with enormous and deep anxiety? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in frequency of memories that produce guilt | Item: How often have you remembered TODAY the absence of your loved one with a huge and deep guilt? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in frequency of pleasant memories | Item: How often have you had pleasant memories with your loved one TODAY? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in emotion avoidance frequency | Item: How often have you wished TODAY to get rid of your unpleasant emotions related to your loved one? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in thoughts avoidance frequency | Item: How often have you tried TODAY to get rid of unpleasant thoughts related to your loved one? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in difficulty accepting the death | Item: How often have you thought TODAY that you cannot believe that your beloved family has died? * Evaluation from mobile app | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in difficulty accepting the death | Item: How often have you wished TODAY intensely that your loved one was with you? | Once a day (from the start of the baseline until the end of the treatment) and at 3 and 12 months after the end of the treatment |
| Change in Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) |
Diagnostic measure. Detects prolonged grief in people who have lost a loved one. Self-administered. Duration: 10 minutes approx. Composed of 13 items. Good psychometric properties (reliability test retest Kappa coefficient = 1; Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) |
| Before and after treatment, at 3 and 12 months |
| Change in ADIS Clinician's severity rating scale | Indicate the level of distress-interference in functioning. 1 item (from 0/"Absent" to 8/"Very severely disturbing/disabling") completed by the therapist. | Before and after treatment, at 3 and 12 months |