The study has been carried out to determine diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in a group of HF diabetic patients and to verify whether the use of innovative antidiabetic therapies could modify echocardiographic parameters and influence cardiological therapy.

406 patients affected with heart failure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, referred to Cardiologists and Diabetologists of pertaining healthcare districts in Campania, and followed for at least one year between 2018 and 2019, were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided in Group A, composed of 136 HF diabetic patients with preserved Ejection Fraction (HF-pEF) (>45%) and Group B, formed of 270 HF diabetic patients with reduced EF (HF-rEF) (≤45%). All patients had performed periodic clinical evaluations and an echocardiographic exam every 12 months. Anthropometric parameters, HF etiology, co-morbidities, complications and ongoing therapies were collected.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age at least 65 years
• presence of chronic HF, defined as a stable clinical syndrome with typical symptoms and signs and echocardiographic evidence of cardiac involvement
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III
• diagnosis of T2DM from at least 2 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• cardiac surgery performed during the last year
• age less than 65 years
• significant valvulopathies
• malignant neoplasms
• advanced chronic kidney disease

A total of 406 patient with HF and T2DM, referred to ARCA Cardiologists from 17 healthcare districts in Campania and to AMD Physicians from 8 Antidiabetic Centers and followed for at least one year between 2018 and 2019, were enrolled.