This is a United States Department of Defense funded Focused Program study that aims to identify mechanisms and predictors for persistent of post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury, and identify methods of preventing post-traumatic headache persistence

The human studies component of this Focused Program include clinical phenotyping, neurophysiology, molecular and genetic biomarker discovery, and brain imaging. This data will be utilized to characterize post-traumatic headache and build univariate and multivariate predictive models for post-traumatic headache persistence and for the response to post-traumatic headache treatment. Some participants might be eligible to participate in the clinical trial portion of this study.The clinical trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled investigation of erenumab for the treatment of post-traumatic headache. Participants will be randomized when PTH has been present for 35-56 days. The clinical trial component of this Focused Program is described in more detail in a separate clinicaltrials.gov record.

Follow-up questionnaires, headache diary data, pain threshold results, and brain imaging data will be collected longitudinally during the trial to assess for changes over time and associations of such changes with post-traumatic headache treatment outcomes.

POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Inclusion Criteria:

• Have a diagnosis of acute PTH attributed to mild traumatic injury to the head as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3).
• PTH onset 7-56 days prior to the time of enrollment.
• Adults 18-70 years of age.
• Willing to maintain a headache diary.
• Willing and able to return for follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic headache (i.e. at least 15 headache days/month for more than 3 months) within 12 months prior to the mTBI that led to the current PTH, including PPTH, chronic migraine, medication overuse headache, new daily persistent headache, hemicrania continua, chronic tension-type headache.

• Diminished decision-making capacity that in the investigator's opinion would interfere with the person's ability to provide informed consent and complete study procedures.

• Started or changed dose of a headache preventive medication within the 3 months prior to screening.

• Use of onabotulinumtoxinA in the head, neck or face region within 6 months of screening.

• During the 6 months before screening, use of opioids or barbiturates on at least 4 days per month.

• Subjects who underwent an intervention or used a device (e.g., nerve blocks, transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, or electrical trigeminal nerve stimulation) for headache.

• History of major psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

• History or evidence of any unstable or clinically significant medical condition, that in the opinion of the investigator, would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion.

• History of positive neuroimaging findings that indicate a moderate or severe TBI.

• Contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging, including, but not limited to (only for those individuals participating in the MRI portion of this research):

  1. Metal implants
  2. Aneurysm clips
  3. Severe claustrophobia
  4. Implanted electronic devices
  5. Insulin or infusion pump
  6. Cochlear/otologic/ear implant
  7. Non-removable prosthesis
  8. Implanted shunts/catheters
  9. Certain intrauterine devices
  10. Tattooed makeup
  11. Body piercings that cannot be removed
  12. Metal fragments
  13. Wire sutures or metal staples

• Factors that reduce MR image quality and interpretability (only for those individuals participating in the MRI portion of this research):

  1. Dental braces or other non-removable devices (e.g., retainers)
  2. Prior brain surgery
  3. Known brain MRI abnormality that in the investigator's opinion will significantly impact MRI data.

• Sensory disorders that in the investigator's opinion might affect perception of cutaneous thermal stimuli (e.g., peripheral neuropathy) (only for those individuals undergoing pain threshold testing).

• Pregnancy

• Breastfeeding

• Currently or within 90 days prior to screening: received treatment in another drug study or an investigational device study.

HEALTHY CONTROL ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults 18-70 years of age.
• Willing and able to return for follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of traumatic brain injury.

• History of migraine or other headaches (Tension-type headache up to an average of 3 days per month is allowed).

• Diminished decision-making capacity that in the investigator's opinion would interfere with the person's ability to provide informed consent and complete study procedures.

• During the 6 months before screening, use of opioids or barbiturates on an average of at least 4 days per month.

• History of major psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

• History or evidence of any unstable or clinically significant medical condition, that in the opinion of the investigator, would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion.

• Contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging, including, but not limited to:

  1. Metal implants
  2. Aneurysm clips
  3. Severe claustrophobia
  4. Implanted electronic devices
  5. Insulin or infusion pump
  6. Cochlear/otologic/ear implant
  7. Non-removable prosthesis
  8. Implanted shunts/catheters
  9. Certain intrauterine devices
  10. Tattooed makeup
  11. Body piercings that cannot be removed
  12. Metal fragments
  13. Wire sutures or metal staples

• Factors that reduce MR image quality and interpretability:

  1. Dental braces or other non-removable devices (e.g., retainers)
  2. Prior brain surgery
  3. Known brain MRI abnormality that in the investigator's opinion will significantly impact MRI data.

• Sensory disorders that in the investigator's opinion might affect perception of cutaneous thermal stimuli (e.g., peripheral neuropathy).

• Pregnancy

• Breastfeeding

• Currently or within 90 days prior to screening: received treatment in another drug study or an investigational device study

• Has previously received any CGRP ligand or receptor targeted monoclonal antibody

Study participants will be enrolled from the Mayo Clinic and Phoenix VA Healthcare System and from the surrounding region