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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1R33MH120149-01A1 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | NIH |
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SENSE Theatre®, combines several well-documented, effective behavioral strategies, such as the inclusion of trained peer models, theatre play techniques involving predictable (i.e., scripted) and flexible (improvised) role-play, and repeated performance of newly learned skills resulting in greater automaticity of behavior. The intervention has the potential to enhance social cognition and behavior in adults with autism spectrum disorder.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by primary impairment in social competence. Effects of current psychosocial interventions often fail to maintain or generalize and few employ rigorous experimental methods. Our treatment, SENSE Theatre®, combines several well-documented, effective behavioral strategies, such as the inclusion of trained peer models, theatre play techniques involving predictable (i.e., scripted) and flexible (improvised) role-play, and repeated performance of newly learned skills resulting in greater automaticity of behavior. Recent findings from a randomized control trial (RCT) show immediate between-group effects and evidence of target engagement on the hypothesized mechanism of action, memory for faces, which was evaluated by neuropsychological and event-related potential (ERP) measures. Moreover, the RCT demonstrated treatment effects on social communication skills that generalized to home and community settings. Finally, maintained treatment effects were observed on communication symptoms. The proposed project will extend these findings and provide a stronger test of efficacy using an RCT of SENSE Theatre with a sample of approximately 40 adult participants with ASD (18 to 35 years) randomized to experimental (EXP; N = 20) and a wait list control group (WLC; N = 20) in two separate cohorts. The RCT will assess target engagement of memory for faces and functional change in social interaction with peers using examiners blind to study treatment group assignment. The significance and size of treatment effects on these cognitive and behavioral outcomes will be measured using ANOVA and linear mixed models. Thus, the overarching aim of the study is to determine whether detected changes in face memory and social interaction are due to the SENSE Theatre® treatment and the extent to which these changes generalize and maintain. If predicted results occur, it will provide strong empirical support for a community-based treatment that has generalized effects on a set of core deficits that otherwise have life-long consequences for adults with ASD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SENSE Theatre | Experimental | A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention designed to improve social cognition and behavior. |
|
| Waitlist Control Group | No Intervention | This group will not receive the intervention during the testing phase of the intervention but will eventually receive the theatre intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SENSE Theatre | Behavioral | A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention that involves 10 sessions of approximately 3 hours each that culminates in a public performance. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Incidental Face Memory | An event-related Potential Task that presents 51 novel faces and 51 novel houses one of each is randomly selected and presented 50 times (repeated). We are examining an increase in amplitude of 250-500 ms time window between the repeated and single face presentation. Positive values indicate better face memory. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Change in Contextual Assessment of Social Skills | An observational assessment measure of social cognition and communication which includes two 3-minutes conversations with typically developing peers showing interested or bored demeanor. The behaviors are rated based on raw scores on a likert scale from 1 to 7 with 7 reflecting better ability. Only the Interested Condiiton was analyzed. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Change in Social Responsiveness Scale - Self (SRS) | The SRS is a standardized measure of social competence self-administered by participants pertaining to behaviors characteristic of adults with ASD. T-scores range from scores of 38 to 90 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores reflect greater impairment. T-scores were used in the analyses. A decrease in scores from pretest to posttest or follow-up suggests a better outcome. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Change in Social Responsiveness Scale - Other (SRS) | The SRS is a standardized measure of social competence administered by care-givers pertaining to behaviors characteristic of adults with ASD. T-scores range from scores of 38 to 90 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores reflect greater impairment. T-scores were used in analyses. Decrease in scores from Pretest to Posttest or follow-up suggest better outcome. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cambridge Face Memory Test | A standardized measure of face memory with 72 items. Total raw score ranges from 0-72. Any increase in the raw score pertaining to the number of faces identified constitutes an increase in face memory. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
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ASD Inclusion Criteria:
ASD Exclusion Criteria:
Care-giver Inclusion Criteria:
Care-giver Exclusion Criteria:
- Anyone not meeting inclusion criteria.
Confederates Inclusion Criteria:
Confederate Exclusion Criteria:
- Anyone not meeting inclusion criteria.
Peers Inclusion Criteria:
Peers Exclusion Criteria:
- Anyone not meeting inclusion criteria.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Blythe A Corbett, Ph.D. | Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Nashville | Tennessee | 37212 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42043633 | Derived | Muscatello RA, Klemencic ME, Calvosa R, Corbett BA. Social Adaptation to Change in Peer Behavior Before and After a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Theatre-Based Intervention for Adults With Autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2026 Apr 27:10.1007/s10803-026-07340-1. doi: 10.1007/s10803-026-07340-1. Online ahead of print. | |
| 38109034 | Derived | Corbett BA, Key AP, Klemencic ME, Muscatello RA, Jones D, Pilkington J, Burroughs C, Vandekar S. Investigating Social Competence in a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Theatre-Based Intervention Enhanced for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Jan;55(1):130-146. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06214-0. Epub 2023 Dec 18. |
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Excluded (N=8). Not meeting inclusion criteria (N=5), Transportation issues (N=1), and unknown/reason not provided (N=2).
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | SENSE Theatre | A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention designed to improve social cognition and behavior. SENSE Theatre: A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention that involves 10 sessions of approximately 3 hours each that culminates in a public performance. |
| FG001 | Waitlist Control Group | This group will not receive the intervention during the testing phase of the intervention but will eventually receive the theatre intervention. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allocation/Pretest |
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| Posttest |
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| Follow-up |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | SENSE Theatre | A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention designed to improve social cognition and behavior. SENSE Theatre: A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention that involves 10 sessions of approximately 3 hours each that culminates in a public performance. |
| BG001 | Waitlist Control Group |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Incidental Face Memory | An event-related Potential Task that presents 51 novel faces and 51 novel houses one of each is randomly selected and presented 50 times (repeated). We are examining an increase in amplitude of 250-500 ms time window between the repeated and single face presentation. Positive values indicate better face memory. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. Two participants in SENSE Theatre and four in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 21 and Waitlist Control N = 20. Two participants in SENSE Theatre and two participants in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microvolts | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
Baseline through study completion (on average, approximately 18 weeks).
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | SENSE Theatre | A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention designed to improve social cognition and behavior. SENSE Theatre: A peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention that involves 10 sessions of approximately 3 hours each that culminates in a public performance. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blythe Corbett, Ph.D. | Vanderbilt University Medical Center | (615) 936-0280 | blythe.corbett@vumc.org |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Jul 19, 2022 | Jan 16, 2025 | Prot_001.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 26, 2019 | Jan 16, 2025 | SAP_002.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jan 16, 2020 | May 18, 2020 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| D066107 | Social Skills |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
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| Wechsler Memory Scale Face Memory Delay Test |
A standardized measure of face memory in which the participant is exposed to 24 faces in which they must remember amidst an array of 48 faces presented after a 30-minute delay. Raw scores range from 0-48 and are converted to age-adjusted scaled scores ranging from 1 to 19 (Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3). Higher scaled scores reflect better delayed face memory. Scaled scores were used for analyses. |
| Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Wechsler Memory Scale Face Memory Test | A standardized measure of face memory in which the participant is exposed to 24 faces in which they must remember amidst an array of 48 faces presented immediately. Raw scores range from 0-48 and are converted to age-adjusted scaled scores ranging from 1 to 19 (Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3). Higher scaled scores reflect better face memory. Scaled scores were used for analyses. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) - Self-Report Global Adaptive Composite | The ABAS measures adaptive living skills, completed via self-administration, using a Standardized Scale in which in which scores ranging from ~70 to ~120, with 85 to 115 reflecting the broad average range. Lower scores represent greater impairment. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) - Other-Report Global Adaptive Composite | The ABAS measures adaptive living skills, completed by a caregiver or partner, using a Standardized Scale in which scores ranging from ~70 to ~120, with 85 to 115 reflecting the broad average range. Lower scores represent greater impairment. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale | The STAI is a measure of current (State) and enduring (Trait) anxiety that is completed by the participant. There are 20 items for each domain on a 4-point scale (1 = Almost Never, 4 = Almost Always). Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater anxiety. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| The Adult Self Report (ASR) | The ASR is a 126-item self-report questionnaire assessing aspects of emotional health. T scores range from 40 to 100 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The primary variables of interest were Depressive Problems and Anxiety Problems. Higher scores indicate more depressive or anxiety problems. A T score of 70 or higher is considered clinically significant. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
| The Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) | The ABCL is a 126-item caregiver-report questionnaire assessing aspects of emotional health. T scores range from 40 to 100 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The primary variables of interest were Depressive Problems and Anxiety Problems. Higher scores indicate more depressive or anxiety problems. A T score of 70 or higher is considered clinically significant. | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
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|
|
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
This group will not receive the intervention during the testing phase of the intervention but will eventually receive the theatre intervention. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition, Module 4 | The ADOS-2 is a semi-structured interview and series of activities to assess behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder. The study focused on adults; therefore, we used Module 4. The scores are based on a diagnostic algorithm with scores ranging from 0 to 29. Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition | The WASI-2 is composed of four subtests: Block Design, Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning and Similarities. The Full Scale IQ is derived from a summation of the subtests. The IQ Standard Score range is 40-160. Higher scores mean better outcomes. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| OG001 | Waitlist Control Group | This group will not receive the intervention during the testing phase of the intervention but will eventually receive the theatre intervention. |
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Contextual Assessment of Social Skills | An observational assessment measure of social cognition and communication which includes two 3-minutes conversations with typically developing peers showing interested or bored demeanor. The behaviors are rated based on raw scores on a likert scale from 1 to 7 with 7 reflecting better ability. Only the Interested Condiiton was analyzed. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. One participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 23 and Waitlist Control N = 20. Two participants in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Social Responsiveness Scale - Self (SRS) | The SRS is a standardized measure of social competence self-administered by participants pertaining to behaviors characteristic of adults with ASD. T-scores range from scores of 38 to 90 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores reflect greater impairment. T-scores were used in the analyses. A decrease in scores from pretest to posttest or follow-up suggests a better outcome. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. One participant in SENSE Theatre had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 21 and Waitlist Control N = 22. Two participants in SENSE Theatre had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | T Scores | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Social Responsiveness Scale - Other (SRS) | The SRS is a standardized measure of social competence administered by care-givers pertaining to behaviors characteristic of adults with ASD. T-scores range from scores of 38 to 90 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores reflect greater impairment. T-scores were used in analyses. Decrease in scores from Pretest to Posttest or follow-up suggest better outcome. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. Two participants in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 20 and Waitlist Control N = 21. Three participants in SENSE Theatre and one in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | T Scores | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cambridge Face Memory Test | A standardized measure of face memory with 72 items. Total raw score ranges from 0-72. Any increase in the raw score pertaining to the number of faces identified constitutes an increase in face memory. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. One participant in SENSE Theatre had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 22 and Waitlist Control N = 21. One participant in SENSE Theatre and one participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Raw score | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Wechsler Memory Scale Face Memory Delay Test | A standardized measure of face memory in which the participant is exposed to 24 faces in which they must remember amidst an array of 48 faces presented after a 30-minute delay. Raw scores range from 0-48 and are converted to age-adjusted scaled scores ranging from 1 to 19 (Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3). Higher scaled scores reflect better delayed face memory. Scaled scores were used for analyses. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 23 and Waitlist Control N = 22. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Wechsler Memory Scale Face Memory Test | A standardized measure of face memory in which the participant is exposed to 24 faces in which they must remember amidst an array of 48 faces presented immediately. Raw scores range from 0-48 and are converted to age-adjusted scaled scores ranging from 1 to 19 (Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3). Higher scaled scores reflect better face memory. Scaled scores were used for analyses. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 23 and Waitlist Control N = 22. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) - Self-Report Global Adaptive Composite | The ABAS measures adaptive living skills, completed via self-administration, using a Standardized Scale in which in which scores ranging from ~70 to ~120, with 85 to 115 reflecting the broad average range. Lower scores represent greater impairment. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 21 and Waitlist Control N = 21. Two participants in SENSE Theatre and one participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Standard Score | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) - Other-Report Global Adaptive Composite | The ABAS measures adaptive living skills, completed by a caregiver or partner, using a Standardized Scale in which scores ranging from ~70 to ~120, with 85 to 115 reflecting the broad average range. Lower scores represent greater impairment. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. Two participants in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 20 and Waitlist Control N = 21. Three participants in SENSE Theatre and one participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Standard Score | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale | The STAI is a measure of current (State) and enduring (Trait) anxiety that is completed by the participant. There are 20 items for each domain on a 4-point scale (1 = Almost Never, 4 = Almost Always). Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater anxiety. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 23 and Waitlist Control N = 22. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Raw score | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | The Adult Self Report (ASR) | The ASR is a 126-item self-report questionnaire assessing aspects of emotional health. T scores range from 40 to 100 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The primary variables of interest were Depressive Problems and Anxiety Problems. Higher scores indicate more depressive or anxiety problems. A T score of 70 or higher is considered clinically significant. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. One participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 21 and Waitlist Control N = 22. Two participants in SENSE Theatre had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | T Scores | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | The Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) | The ABCL is a 126-item caregiver-report questionnaire assessing aspects of emotional health. T scores range from 40 to 100 with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The primary variables of interest were Depressive Problems and Anxiety Problems. Higher scores indicate more depressive or anxiety problems. A T score of 70 or higher is considered clinically significant. | Number of participants analyzed at posttest. Two participants in Waitlist Control had missing data. For follow-up the number of participants was SENSE Theatre N = 20 and Waitlist Control N = 21. Three participants in SENSE Theatre and one participant in Waitlist Control had missing data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | T Scores | Change from baseline to end of treatment (Week 11) and at Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 29 |
| 0 |
| 29 |
| 0 |
| 29 |
| EG001 | Waitlist Control Group | This group will not receive the intervention during the testing phase of the intervention but will eventually receive the theatre intervention. | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 |
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| D001519 | Behavior |
| Quality of Rappport Posttest (Week 11) |
|
|
| Vocal Expressiveness Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
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| Quality of Rapport Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA | Posttest ANCOVA controlling for pretest for CASS Quality of Rapport. | 0.221 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest and at the follow-up periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences on all pretest dependent variables. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest Vocal Expressiveness. | 0.873 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest and at the follow-up periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences on all pretest dependent variables. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest Quality of Rapport. | 0.512 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest and at the follow-up periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences on all pretest dependent variables. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for Pretest. |
| 0.393 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest and at the follow-up periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences on all pretest dependent variables. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA while controlling for pretest. |
| 0.963 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest and at the follow-up periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. Independent samples t-tests were used to identify statistically significant differences on all pretest dependent variables |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest. |
| 0.216 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest. |
| 0.331 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up controlling for pretest. |
| 0.064 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest. |
| 0.987 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest. |
| 0.668 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Trait Posttest (Week 11) |
|
|
| State Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| Trait Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Posttest ANCOVA controlling for pretest for STAI Trait |
| 0.307 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest for STAI State | 0.950 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest for STAI Trait | 0.459 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Anxiety Problems Posttest (Week 11) |
|
|
| Depression problems Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| Anxiety problems Follow-up (Week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Posttest ANCOVA controlling for pretest for Anxiety problems. |
| 0.093 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest for Depression problems. | 0.223 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest for Anxiety problems. | 0.838 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| Anxiety problems posttest (week 11) |
|
|
| Depression problems follow-up (week 21) |
|
|
| Anxiety problems follow-up (week 21) |
|
|
| ANCOVA |
Posttest ANCOVA controlling for pretest Anxiety problems. |
| 0.214 |
| Other |
A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest Depressive problems | 0.983 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |
| ANCOVA | Follow-up ANCOVA controlling for pretest for Anxiety problems. | 0.454 | Other | A series of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to test the between-group differences on each dependent variable at the immediate posttest (Week 11) and at the follow-up (Week 21) periods separately using the pretest values as a covariate. |