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For patients with end-stage renal disease, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been proven to be an alternative choice compared to hemodialysis as a type of maintenance renal replacement therapy. Despite this, long-term PD is associated with structural membrane changes that are believed to contribute to alterations in solute transport and loss of ultrafiltration. Previous studies have proven that far-infrared (FIR) therapy may improve not only the arteriovenous fistula patency in hemodialysis patients but also abdominal discomfort due to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in PD patients. Since there is little information concerning this issue, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the possible effects of FIR therapy on the peritoneal function of patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of FIR therapy on the peritoneal function, protein loss, and ultrafiltration capacity of CAPD patients.
A total of 100 CAPD patients will be enrolled in this study, including 50 in treatment group who will receive FIR therapy for 6 months and 50 in control group. Many parameters of blood and urine samples as well as ultrafiltration amount, dialysate urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na+, K+, total protein, CA-125, and glucose degradation product (GDP) for the dialysate effluent of not only the first and last exchanges but also the total exchanges of daily PD regimen will be measured for both groups at day 1 and 6th month. However, only the FIR group will receive tests of blood, urine and dialysate on day 2. The significance of the study is that patients might benefit from the prophylactic therapeutic effects of FIR therapy, leading to the reduction of the hospitalization costs and the need for interventional procedures in CAPD patient care in Taiwan.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | ||
| Far Infrared Therapy Group | Experimental | In this study, the top radiator of the far infrared emitter was set at a height of 25 cm above the umbilicus with a treatment time of 40 minutes during the initial 1 hour of both the first daily and the last night-time indwelling dialysate of each daily regular peritoneal dialysis regimen. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Far Infrared Therapy | Device | The WSTM TY101 FIR emitter (WS Far Infrared Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan) was used to conduct FIR therapy in this study. The electrified ceramic plates of the emitter generated electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range between 3 and 25 μm (a peak between 5 to 6 μm). The irradiating power density is 10 and 20 milliwatt (mw) /cm2 when the top radiator was set at a distance of 30 and 20 cm above the skin surface respectively. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| KT/V | K - dialyzer urea clearance; t - dialysis time; V - total volume within the body that urea is distributed | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Weekly creatinine clearance | WCCr (L/wk/1.73m^2) | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ultrafiltration volume | Peritoneal function parameter (mL) | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Net volume | Peritoneal function parameter (mL) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Chih-Ching Lin, MD, PhD | Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taipei Veterans General Hospital | Recruiting | Taipei | 11217 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17267744 | Background | Lin CC, Chang CF, Lai MY, Chen TW, Lee PC, Yang WC. Far-infrared therapy: a novel treatment to improve access blood flow and unassisted patency of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Mar;18(3):985-92. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006050534. Epub 2007 Jan 31. | |
| 18202320 | Background | Lin CC, Liu XM, Peyton K, Wang H, Yang WC, Lin SJ, Durante W. Far infrared therapy inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation via the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Apr;28(4):739-45. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160085. Epub 2008 Jan 17. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007676 | Kidney Failure, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051436 | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
| D051437 | Renal Insufficiency |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
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Participants are assigned to either the control group or the treatment (far infrared therapy) group
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|
| Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| D/D0 glucose ratio | Peritoneal function parameter | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| D/PCr ratio | Peritoneal function parameter | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| D/P urea ratio | Peritoneal function parameter | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Albumin | Biochemical function parameter (g/dL) | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Blood urea nitrogen | Biochemical function parameter (mg/dL) | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Creatinine | Biochemical function parameter (mg/dL) | Change from baseline level at 6 months and 12 months |
| Major cardiovascular adverse events | 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE) comprising of non-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death, coronary artery disease (CAD), hospitalized heart failure (HHF) | Change from baseline level at 12 months |
| Infection events (number of hospital admission events) | Pneumonia, peritonitis | Change from baseline level at 12 months |
| 23474008 | Background | Lin CC, Yang WC, Chen MC, Liu WS, Yang CY, Lee PC. Effect of far infrared therapy on arteriovenous fistula maturation: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Aug;62(2):304-11. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 Mar 6. |
| 23345623 | Background | Lin CC, Chung MY, Yang WC, Lin SJ, Lee PC. Length polymorphisms of heme oxygenase-1 determine the effect of far-infrared therapy on the function of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients: a novel physicogenomic study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 May;28(5):1284-93. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs608. Epub 2013 Jan 22. |
| D052776 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |