Background : Long-term home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can be proposed as treatment for acute respiratory failure with severe alveolar hypoventilation. The aim of NIV is to correct both daytime and night-time hypoventilation and associated symptoms and to provide the patient with adequate night-time oxygen saturation. The benefits of long-term NIV in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a stable state remain controversial. This highlights the importance of identifying the predictive factors for good compliance to the NIV, defined as a use of more than 4 hours per day.

Aim of the study: The main objective is this observational study is to monitor the home NIV compliance over a period of 1 year under real conditions of treatment in patients with COPD newly initiated onto NIV (with telemonitoring or not) in order to specify the predictive criteria for good compliance. The secondary objectives are to assess the evolution of functional respiratory data, NIV parameters and changes in prescription, occurrence of acute exacerbations of COPD, hospitalizations and death, patient outcomes (quality of life and acceptability of NIV).

Study design: a cohort of 120 patients with COPD newly initiated onto home-NIV (with telemonitoring or not), either in a stable state or following an acute exacerbation will be enrolled in the study and follow-up over 1 year. Data will be collected by lung specialists and home health care provider teams at 1-month post-initiation of NIV, 6 months and 1 year. The study is conduct in France.

Inclusion Criteria:

• COPD patients who require the initiation of a home-NIV (in case of previous equipment: NIV interrupted for more than 6 months).
• Life expectancy greater than 1 year.
• Patient who has agreed to participate in the observational study after receiving clear information from the investigator and signing the consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• NIV indicated for the treatment of chronic respiratory failure other than COPD.
• Patient with overlap syndrome (COPD associated to OSA).
• Patient with limitations who do not allow proper use of the NIV device.
• Simultaneous participation in a health intervention research.

Cohort of COPD patients who initiate long-term home-NIV.