1. To evaluate histopathological findings of products of conception in both sporadic and recurrent miscarriage.
2. To determine the prevalence of chronic histiocytic intervillositis in both sporadic and recurrent miscarriage.

Early miscarriage is a term used to describe the loss of pregnancy within the first 12 weeks of gestation .This diagnosis concerns 10-15% of all pregnancies and is made based on additional tests such as serial determinations of chorionic gonadotropin concentration and imaging examinations ultrasonography. Depending on the clinical presentation and results of ultrasonography, miscarriages can be divided into complete spontaneous miscarriage, and incomplete miscarriage, when the width of the echo of residual tissues in the uterine cavity exceeds 10 mm on ultrasonography and is accompanied by the presence of clinical symptoms such as vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain .The other type of miscarriage is defined as retained products of conception (RPOC) and refers to the state when the gestational sac contains the embryo with crown-rump length (CRL) of > 7 mm but embryonic cardiac activity is invisible. Empty gestational sac is diagnosed when the gestational sac with a diameter of > 25 mm and without an embryo is visible in the uterine cavity on ultrasonography .

Histopathological examination of products of conception is an integral and a routine component of the management of patients with early pregnancy failure . Two important primary reasons for such an examination are to confirm the presence of an intrauterine gestation and to exclude gestational trophoblastic disease in the form of partial or complete hydatidiform mole .

Inclusion Criteria:

• all pregnants with clinical symptoms and signs of abortion
• fit for medical induction of abortion
• fit for surgical procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

• threatened abortion
• complete abortion
• unfit participants for medical abortion
• unfit participants for surgical procedure

All of the patients had vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. After vaginal examination , transvaginal ultrasonography findings and serum β-HCG levels were performed to verify the diagnosis. The cases were classified as complete, incomplete, missed, or anembryonic miscarriage according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (RCOG) on the basis of transvaginal ultrasonography[5].

Missed miscarriage was defined as the presence of a non-viable fetus. An intact gestational sac with an absence of fetal echo was diagnosed as an anembryonic miscarriage. Incomplete miscarriage was defined as the presence of heterogeneous tissues (with or without a gestational sac) distorting the endometrial midline echo by transvaginal ultrasonography.