The aim of this pilot study is to examine whether there is a discriminating ability of the breath sample analysis to capture biomarkers specific to the HCC in the breath of affected individuals. If positive, our research could open up a new horizon for cost-effective and feasible screening tools.

20 Participants will be included in the study. Ten Cirrhotic patients with HCC and 10 Cirrhotic patients without HCC.

The first group is patients with HCC secondary to cirrhosis. The second group will be patients with cirrhosis who are currently on the standard surveillance program with no HCC. Confirmation of the absence of HCC would have been ensured via a recent advanced imaging modality (dynamic CT scan or MRI) in the ongoing surveillance programme.

Participants will breathe into either a mouthpiece or collection tube then Breath samples will be analyzed via an analyzer to detect the volatile organic compounds (VOC) and quantitatively compare them

Inclusion Criteria:

• Cirrhotic patients with HC.
• Cirrhotic patients without HCC

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with more than one primary cancer (HCC in addition to other cancer)
• Patients who are not aware of the diagnosis
• Patients in whom the diagnosis of HCC is not clear and only suspected
• Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe asthma.

The study is open for participants with liver Cirrhosis (without HCC allocated to an arm) and (with HCC allocated to the other arm). There is no gender restriction.