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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which produces both motor and cognitive dysfunctions. MS causes a decline in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) due to impairments affecting limb function.
Aim: This pilot study sought to determine whether the use of mental practice (MP) or the combined use of MP and the training of manipulative skills would improve the manipulation motor skills and treatment satisfaction among people with MS.
Methods: The study participants were people with MS. Blinded evaluators performed three assessments for each patient (pre-treatment, post-treatment and at a three month follow up). The patients were divided into three groups with alternate allocation: (A) Mental practice, (B) Mental practice + skills training and (C) Control group.
Keywords: activities of daily living; manual dexterity; mental practice, motor image; multiple sclerosis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental practice | Experimental | The final sample therefore comprised of 35 participants (n=35), who were divided into three treatment groups. The sample of mental practice group was n=12. |
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| Mental practice + skill training | Experimental | The final sample therefore comprised of 35 participants (n=35), who were divided into three treatment groups. The sample of mental practice + skills training group was n=13. |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | The final sample therefore comprised of 35 participants (n=35), who were divided into three treatment groups. The sample of control group was n=10. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental practice | Other | During each of the 12 treatment sessions, the patient was asked to select two tasks from a list of MP activities, graded by level. Once the task was selected, patients received the specific visual or audio instructions and subsequently performed the task. The recording was viewed three times and the audio instructions were repeated two times. To listen to the audio instructions, the participants were requested to close their eyes in order to aid concentration. After listening to the recordings, the patient was asked to perform the task once again, practicing what had been learnt. After the process was completed, the participant completed a questionnaire and scored each task. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Pre-treatment | The higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Pre-treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| Box and Block Test (BBT). Pre-treatment | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Pre-treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The ABILHAND questionnaire. Pre-treatment | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Pre-treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Pre-treatment | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Pre-treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Post-treatment | The higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Immediately after treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| Box and Block Test (BBT). Post-treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Three-month follow-up | The higher scores mean a worse outcome. | Three-month follow-up assessments were performed with each patient. |
| Box and Block Test (BBT). Three-month follow-up |
Inclusion Criteria:
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The IPD will be sent by email.
At present
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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|
| Mental practice + skill training | Other | In this option, six sessions of MP were alternated with six sessions of skills training (ST). The MP protocol was the same as in group A: selecting, performing, visualizing, listening to and scoring the selected tasks. The activities performed in the skills training were based on the Kamm et al. (2015) protocol and bimanual tasks. After the performance of each task, the patients were allowed to rest for 1 or 2 minutes to avoid the appearance of fatigue. |
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| Control group | Other | The control group only received their usual physical therapy and occupational therapy treatments provided by their association. The treatment mainly consisted of the application of the Bobath concept and the Vojta method, dry needling, myofascial induction therapy, passive mobilizations, training of gross and fine motor coordination of the upper limbs, resistance training and static and dynamic balance training. |
|
The higher scores mean a better outcome.
| Immediately after treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The ABILHAND questionnaire. Post-treatment | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Immediately after treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Post-treatment | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Immediately after treatment assessments were performed with each patient. |
The higher scores mean a better outcome.
| Three-month follow-up assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The ABILHAND questionnaire. Three-month follow-up | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Three-month follow-up assessments were performed with each patient. |
| The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Three-month follow-up | The higher scores mean a better outcome. | Three-month follow-up assessments were performed with each patient. |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D008722 | Methods |