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Surgery of the knee is a very common procedure which can be very painful and sufficient postoperative pain treatment is often problematic. The aim of this work was to study the effects of supplementation of intra-articular bupivacaine dexmedetomidine with lidocaine 5% patch after arthroscopic knee surgery under general anesthesia and its role in improving quality of anesthesia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (control group) | Active Comparator | Patients in each received 10 ml 0.5 % bupivacaine and 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml saline injected intra-articularly without lidocaine patch |
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| Group B | Experimental | Patients in each received 10 ml 0.5 % bupivacaine and 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml saline injected intra-articularly with a patch of lidocaine 5% was applied to the skin |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lidocaine 5% patch with Dexmedetomidine Bupivacaine | Drug | 10 ml 0.5 % Bupivacaine and 1µg/kg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml saline was injected intra-articularly through one of the arthroscopic ports after the end of the surgery under complete aseptic technique and a patch of lidocaine 5% was applied to the skin between the arthroscopic ports |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The total dose of postoperative pethidine consumption | The total dose of postoperative pethidine consumption; Pethidine 20 mg was given as rescue analgesia if pain visual analogue visual analogue scale (VAS) ≥4. | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| First postoperative analgesia request time | First postoperative analgesia (Pethidine 20 mg) request time | 24 hours |
| Pain intensity | Visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded immediately postoperative and at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. The score ranges from 0 to 10; higher means worse pain |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients were allocated into 2 groups, 20 patients in each received 10 ml 0.5 % bupivacaine and 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml saline injected intra-articularly; group A: no patch, group B: a patch of lidocaine 5% was applied to the skin.
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|
| Dexmedetomidine Bupivacaine | Drug | 10 ml 0.5 % Bupivacaine and 1µg/kg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml saline was injected intra-articularly through one of the arthroscopic ports after the end of the surgery under complete aseptic technique without a patch of lidocaine 5% |
|
| 24 hours |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| D057968 | Transdermal Patch |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
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