Diaphragm Ultrasound to Predict Posteroperative Residual Blockade

Diaphragm Ultrasound to Predict Posteroperative Residual Blockade

This study is a prospective observational research approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking Union medical college Hospital. Patients scheduled for elective non-abdominal and non-thoracic surgery among age of 19-65 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification(ASA) I or II were inrolled. Diaphragm ultrasonogram was measured pre and post operation. Diaphragm excursion and diaphragm thickening fraction during quiet breathing as well as deep breathing were assessed. Neuromuscular monitor was performed during operation, after proper calibration.

Enrollment criteria：

1. Patients who were scheduled for elective non-abdominal and non-thoracic surgery in Peking Union medical college hospital.
2. age of 19-65 years
3. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification(ASA) I or II.
4. Agree to informed consent

Exclusion criteria ： Patients with neuromuscular diseases, diaphragmatic palsy, thoracic malformation, hand disabilities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe liver or kidney diseases, electrolyte or acid-base disorders, morbid obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), pregnancy, allergy to drugs used in the study, use of medication interfering neuromuscular transmission within 72hours and patients with predicted difficulty in maintenance of airway were excluded from this study. Written informed consent will be obtained before preoperative evaluation by an anesthesiologist.