This prospective cohort study aims to explore the susceptibility to acute kidney injury after heart surgery in SMN1+/- genotype population. This study also aims to analysis the effect of SMN1+/- genotype on postoperative AKI and the development of chronic kidney disease, as well as dose-compensating effect of different copy number of SMN2 gene on SMN1 +/- genotype.

This prospective cohort study aims to explore the susceptibility to acute kidney injury after heart surgery in SMN1+/- genotype population. Real-time PCR is used to detect copy number variations in the peripheral blood SMN gene on 1206 patients with heart surgery. This study also aims to analysis the effect of SMN1+/- genotype on postoperative AKI and the development of chronic kidney disease, as well as dose-compensating effect of different copy number of SMN2 gene on SMN1 +/- genotype.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: Children (1 month -17 years old) and adults (18-80 years old);
• Sex: All;
• Those who will receive selective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass;
• Those who signed the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those with glomerular filtration rate: eGFR<15ml/min/1.73m2, and those who have received the renal replacement therapy before surgery;
• Those who have received nephrectomy and kidney transplantation;
• Those who have suffered from AKI before;
• Those with incomplete medical history or clinical data.

Patients from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine