Perform quantitative metabolomics on human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and establish the first human CSF Metabolome Database of aging process in Taiwan.

Metabolomics is new science based on metabolite profiles in biofluids and tissues, which under bioinformatics approaches and analyses could help to characterize metabolomic status of CSF in aging process. In this prospective study, the investigators plan to enroll 200 health volunteers and 40 neurodegenerative diseases patients with received operation under spinal anesthesia. Blood and CSF samples will be analyzed using hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and lipid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Inclusion Criteria:

Aging groups:

1. . Above 20 years.
2. . No history of central nerve system injury and neurologic illness
3. . ASA≦II
4. . Written informed consent from the patient

Aged-related neurodegenerative diseases group:

1. . Above 60 years of age
2. . Medical record proved the history of Parkinsonism or Alzheimer disease
3. . ASA≦III
4. . Written informed consent from the patient or guardian by statute.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patient refuses to sign informed consent
2. patients with coagulopathy, systemic infective disease and severe liver and renal function impairment
3. patients with spine or brain tumor and CNS disease
4. the presence of severe and/or uncontrolled and/or unstable medical disease within 12 months prior to study (e.g. acute pancreatitis, stroke, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and systemic immune disorder etc
5. Concurrent participation or planning to participate in another interventional clinical trial (Concurrent participation in an observational trial allowed)

Patients with received spinal anesthesia and had written informed consent