This is a mixed methods longitudinal observational study to assess patient and provider perspectives on pain and pain management among pregnant women with opiate use disorder (OUD). The findings from this study will inform patient-centered approaches to pain management. Themes surrounding mothers' pain/recovery experiences that correlate with quantified pain and analgesia endpoints will be identified. Findings will also shape an appropriate patient-centered research agenda for obstetric pain management in patients with OUD.

A fine understanding of the attitudes and beliefs about pain and its management for patients with opioid use disorder is currently lacking. These psychological aspects of pain and analgesia are expected to have significant effects on nociception, pain experience, analgesic efficacy, and opioid requirements and its subsequent risks for relapse/treatment noncompliance. There is also have little understanding of provider-held attitudes and beliefs which can influence pain and its treatment for this population.

The findings from this study will inform patient-centered approaches to pain management for obstetric patients with OUD. They will also shape an appropriate patient-centered research agenda for obstetric pain management in patients with OUD. This work will find new patient-centered endpoints for this special population that may be currently overlooked with existing standard pain assessments.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women who are 18 years of age or older
• History of opioid use disorder, on medication assisted therapy
• Currently in their third trimester

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to participate in informed consent discussions
• Unable to give informed consent for any reason
• Not fluent in English (surveys are validated in English language)
• Unable to participate fully in all study procedures for any reason

This study will enroll pregnant adults with opiate use disorder (on medication assisted therapy) who are currently in their third trimester.