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This Phase 3 open-label single-arm study is designed to investigate the safety, diagnostic performance, and clinical usefulness of Gleolan for the real time detection and visualization of meningiomas during tumor resection surgery. The study is planned to run for 15 months with individual study participation lasting for approximately 2 months.
This Phase 3 open-label single-arm study is designed to investigate the safety, diagnostic performance, and clinical usefulness of the imaging agent Gleolan™ (Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride, ALA HCl, ALA, 5-ALA), an orally administered imaging agent for the real time detection and visualization of meningiomas during tumor resection surgery. ALA is a prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to form the fluorescent molecule Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The exogenous application of ALA leads to a highly selective accumulation of PpIX in tumor cells. Following excitation with blue light (BL) (λ = 375 - 440 nm), the PpIX, which has accumulated selectively in tumor tissue, emits a red-violet light. This phenomenon allows for the real-time visualization of tumor tissue during resection surgery.
Patients about to undergo resection for suspected meningioma [World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I, II, III] will be screened and informed consent will be obtained prior to surgery and prior to study participation. Eligible study participants will receive an oral solution of Gleolan (20 mg/kg body weight) 3 hours, (target range 2-4 hours) prior to anesthesia, and then undergo surgery for meningioma resection. During the surgery, the surgeon will use a microscope equipped with WL and BL for visualization of Gleolan-induced PpIX fluorescence for the selection of protocol-driven tissue locations and to assess fluorescence status.
Study participants will be evaluated within 48 hours post procedure, 2 weeks post procedure, and 6 weeks post procedure for study safety assessment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Experimental | Open-label, intra-subject control |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gleolan | Drug | One time oral dose on day of surgery (20 mg/kg bodyweight) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Indeterminate Tissue or Unexpected Fluorescent End of Surgery (EOS) Tissue Where Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status is Consistent With Histology (i.e., True Positive or True Negative for Meningioma). | Responders are defined as the percentage of participants among all participants receiving Gleolan (the Intent to Image Population) who had at least one indeterminate tissue or unexpected fluorescent end of surgery (EOS) tissue where Gleolan-induced PpIX fluorescence status was consistent with central laboratory histology. For a participant to be considered a success, only biopsies considered 'non-obvious' for tumor status by an external panel of neurosurgeons who reviewed videos and images were eligible to be assessed in the numerator. A two-sided 95% confidence interval was calculated using the Wilson (score) method. The lower bound of the confidence interval was tested against a null hypothesis value of 30%. A modified worst-case imputation was used for missing data. | Surgery (Day 1) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Predicted Value (PPV) of Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status of Biopsied Tissue Locations at the Margin of the Tumor [Indeterminate Tissues and Unexpected Fluorescent EOS Tissues (Combined)]. | PPV calculation considers both indeterminate and unexpected fluorescent end-of-surgery tissues. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models that take into account the correlation (clustering) of the biopsies within a participant were used to calculate the estimates and two-sided 95% confidence intervals. The models used a binomial distribution function with an exchangeable working correlation matrix and utilized a robust variance estimator. PPV = TP/(TP+FP) TP = True Positive; FP = False Positive; The truth standard was determined via central histopathology. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
A pre-operative MRI within ≤ 90 days of study enrollment documenting a suspected meningioma or suspected recurrence of a meningioma for which a meningioma resection is indicated and has been planned.
Adult age ≥ 18 years.
Patient must have normal organ and bone marrow function and be appropriate surgical candidates per site SOC.
Patient must have recording of each parameter as defined below:
Bilirubin Below upper limit of normal AST (SGOT) < 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal ALT (SGPT) < 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal Creatinine Below upper limit of normal OR Creatinine clearance >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for participants with creatinine levels above institutional normal
The patient must demonstrate the ability to understand the informed consent document and the willingness and ability to sign a written informed consent document. The study consent documents will be prepared in English and German and Spanish. Translation for non-English, non-German, or non-Spanish speaking participants will be provided as appropriate by institution, as required.
WOCBP and men participating must agree to use highly effective forms of contraception, and men must also agree not to donate sperm for the duration of treatment, and for at least 42 days after the one time use of the study drug.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Walter Stummer, MD | Universitätsklinikum Münster | Principal Investigator |
| Bernard Bendok, MD | Mayo Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic | Phoenix | Arizona | 85054 | United States | ||
| University of California San Diego |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36009108 | Result | Stummer W, Holling M, Bendok BR, Vogelbaum MA, Cox A, Renfrow SL, Widhalm G, Ezrin A, DeSena S, Sackman ML, Wyse JW. The NXDC-MEN-301 Study on 5-ALA for Meningiomas Surgery: An Innovative Study Design for the Assessing the Benefit of Intra-Operative Fluorescence Imaging. Brain Sci. 2022 Aug 6;12(8):1044. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12081044. |
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Participants were screened up to 30 days prior to surgery
Recruitment began on October 28th, 2020 and accrual ended on November 7th, 2022. The last patient last vist was December 13, 2022, however, data collection was not complete until the external panel of neuorsurgeons reviewed surgical images and videos on June 6, 2024.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Single Arm | Open-label, single-arm. Participants received an oral dose of 20 mg/kg Gleolan 2-4 hours prior to anesthesia and underwent intraoperative fluorescence imaging. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Apr 4, 2022 | Mar 20, 2026 |
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Phase 3, open-label, single arm study.
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| Surgery (Day 1) |
| Negative Predicted Value (NPV) of Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status of Biopsied Tissue Locations at the Margin of the Tumor [Indeterminate Tissues]. | NPV calculation considered indeterminate tissues only since unexpected fluorescent end-of-surgery tissues were, by definition, fluorescence positive. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models that take into account the correlation (clustering) of the biopsies within a participant were used to calculate the estimates and two-sided 95% confidence intervals. The models used a binomial distribution function with an exchangeable working correlation matrix and utilized a robust variance estimator. NPV = TN/(TN+FN) TN = True Negative; FN = False Negative; The truth standard was determined via central histopathology. | Surgery (Day 1) |
| Positive Predictive Value of Single Bulk Tumor Sample Obtained From Each Participant. | PPV (PPV=TP/(TP+FP)) of Gleolan-induced PpIX fluorescence status of biopsied tissue locations of bulk/core meningioma tumor | Surgery (Day 1) |
| La Jolla |
| California |
| 92093 |
| United States |
| Keck Hospital of USC | Los Angeles | California | 90033 | United States |
| Providence St. Joseph Hospital | Orange | California | 92868 | United States |
| Swedish Medical Center | Englewood | Colorado | 80113 | United States |
| University of Miami | Coral Gables | Florida | 33136 | United States |
| Baptist Health South Florida | Miami | Florida | 33176 | United States |
| Southern Illinois University | Springfield | Illinois | 62702 | United States |
| Massachusetts General Hospital | Boston | Massachusetts | 02114 | United States |
| Henry Ford Health System | Detroit | Michigan | 48202 | United States |
| Mayo Clinic Rochester | Rochester | Minnesota | 55905 | United States |
| NYU Langone Health | Brooklyn | New York | 11220 | United States |
| University of Pennsylvania- Penn Medicine | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| UPMC | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 15213 | United States |
| MD Anderson | Houston | Texas | 77030 | United States |
| Medical University of Vienna | Vienna | 1090 | Austria |
| University Hospital Münster | Münster | Germany |
|
| COMPLETED |
|
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
108 participants received Gleolan and were included in the Intent-to-Image and Safety Analysis Populations
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Single Arm | Open-label, single-arm |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Indeterminate Tissue or Unexpected Fluorescent End of Surgery (EOS) Tissue Where Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status is Consistent With Histology (i.e., True Positive or True Negative for Meningioma). | Responders are defined as the percentage of participants among all participants receiving Gleolan (the Intent to Image Population) who had at least one indeterminate tissue or unexpected fluorescent end of surgery (EOS) tissue where Gleolan-induced PpIX fluorescence status was consistent with central laboratory histology. For a participant to be considered a success, only biopsies considered 'non-obvious' for tumor status by an external panel of neurosurgeons who reviewed videos and images were eligible to be assessed in the numerator. A two-sided 95% confidence interval was calculated using the Wilson (score) method. The lower bound of the confidence interval was tested against a null hypothesis value of 30%. A modified worst-case imputation was used for missing data. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | Percentage of Participants | Surgery (Day 1) |
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Positive Predicted Value (PPV) of Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status of Biopsied Tissue Locations at the Margin of the Tumor [Indeterminate Tissues and Unexpected Fluorescent EOS Tissues (Combined)]. | PPV calculation considers both indeterminate and unexpected fluorescent end-of-surgery tissues. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models that take into account the correlation (clustering) of the biopsies within a participant were used to calculate the estimates and two-sided 95% confidence intervals. The models used a binomial distribution function with an exchangeable working correlation matrix and utilized a robust variance estimator. PPV = TP/(TP+FP) TP = True Positive; FP = False Positive; The truth standard was determined via central histopathology. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of biopsies | Surgery (Day 1) | Biopsied tissue locations | Biopsied tissue locations |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Negative Predicted Value (NPV) of Gleolan-induced PpIX Fluorescence Status of Biopsied Tissue Locations at the Margin of the Tumor [Indeterminate Tissues]. | NPV calculation considered indeterminate tissues only since unexpected fluorescent end-of-surgery tissues were, by definition, fluorescence positive. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models that take into account the correlation (clustering) of the biopsies within a participant were used to calculate the estimates and two-sided 95% confidence intervals. The models used a binomial distribution function with an exchangeable working correlation matrix and utilized a robust variance estimator. NPV = TN/(TN+FN) TN = True Negative; FN = False Negative; The truth standard was determined via central histopathology. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of biopsies | Surgery (Day 1) | Biopsied tissue locations | Biopsied tissue locations |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Positive Predictive Value of Single Bulk Tumor Sample Obtained From Each Participant. | PPV (PPV=TP/(TP+FP)) of Gleolan-induced PpIX fluorescence status of biopsied tissue locations of bulk/core meningioma tumor | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of participants | Surgery (Day 1) |
|
|
Recorded from the time the Informed Consent is obtained through the End of Study visit (6 weeks after surgery)
The definitions of AEs and SAEs for this study were consistent with the clinicaltrials.gov definitions and NCI CTCAE version 5.0 grading scales.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Safety Population | All Participants who received any amount of Gleolan | 0 | 108 | 17 | 108 | 55 | 108 |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thrombocytopenia | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Faecaloma | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Peripheral swelling | General disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hepatic haemorrhage | Hepatobiliary disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Escherichia infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Weaning failure | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hyponatraemia | Hepatobiliary disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Muscular weakness | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Prostate cancer metastatic | Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Aphasia | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Cerebral haemorrhage | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Cerebral thrombosis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leakage | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Monoparesis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Paraparesis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Seizure cluster | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Delirium | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Acute respiratory failure | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Pulmonary embolism | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Deep vein thrombosis | Vascular disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Orthostatic hypotension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Thrombosis | Vascular disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bradycardia | Cardiac disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Leukocytosis | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Eyelid ptosis | Eye disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Vision blurred | Eye disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Diarrhoea | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Gastrooesophageal reflux disease | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Vomiting | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Gait disturbance | General disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| COVID-19 | Infections and infestations | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Pneumonia | Infections and infestations | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Urinary tract infection | Infections and infestations | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Incision site pain | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Incision site swelling | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Procedural nausea | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Procedural pain | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hepatic enzyme increased | Investigations | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hyponatraemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Lactic acidosis | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Muscle spasms | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Muscular weakness | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Aphasia | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Headache | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hemiparesis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| IIIrd nerve paralysis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| IVth nerve paralysis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Monoparesis | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Seizure | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Somnolence | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Confusional state | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Disorientation | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hallucination, visual | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Insomnia | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Hypotension | Vascular disorders | MedDRA version 24.0 | Systematic Assessment |
|
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Giammona, Senior Director, Clinical Operations | NX Development Corporation | 512-348-3885 | mgiammona@nxdevcorp.com |
| Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 14, 2024 | Mar 20, 2026 | SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008579 | Meningioma |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009380 | Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D009383 | Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue |
| D008577 | Meningeal Neoplasms |
| D016543 | Central Nervous System Neoplasms |
| D009423 | Nervous System Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000622 | Aminolevulinic Acid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007982 | Levulinic Acids |
| D007651 | Keto Acids |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Biopsied tissue locations |
|
|
| Biopsied tissue locations |
|
|
| Title | Denominators | Categories | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|