Anesthetic Approaches for Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery: The Effect of Adding Local Anesthesia to General Inhalational Anesthesia

The Efficacy of Combined Local and General Anesthesia or General Anesthesia Alone in External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

To Study the effect of combination of of general anesthesia and local anesthesia in anesthesia for external dacryocystorhinostomy and assess quality of the procedure

• calculate the total requirement for anaesthetic agents to maintain satisfactory operating conditions
• calculate total anesthetic time
• assess intraoperative changes in hemodynamics
• assess intraoperative blood loss
• evaluate surgeon and patient satisfaction
• recognize whether this was related with changes in postoperative analgesia .
• Also occurrence of postoperative nausea was recorded and compared with general anaesthesia combined with intravenous opioid for (EXT-DCR) surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:• Age from 20 to 50 years old.

• American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II.
• Elective unilateral Dacryocystorhinostomy with paranasal skin incision.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy.
• Allergy to amide local anesthetics or opioids.
• Drug abuse.
• Pregnancy.