Burkholderia pseudomallei is responsible for melioidosis, a disease that can present a range of signs and symptoms and can be treated by a specific drug regimen. Diagnosis of melioidosis is made by isolation of the bacteria from body fluids or tissues such as blood, skin or sputum. Although this is considered the gold standard, bacterial isolation has low diagnostic sensitivity, requires specific infrastructures (biosafety level 3 laboratories) and skilled staff that are not always available in LMICs. This may lead to inappropriate patient management and care.

Chembio, in partnership with FIND, has developed a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (DPP® Fever Panel II Assay) that is able to detect antigens from common causes of febrile illnesses, included Burkholderia. FIND will conduct a laboratory study in Menzies Health School of Research to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the DPP II Assay using retrospective samples that are positive for B. pseudomallei. Results will help in estimating the diagnostic accuracy of the assay for this pathogen.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Samples that can be included in the trial must have been collected exclusively during the "Assessment of a New Rapid Diagnostic Test for Melioidosis" study (HREC 04/09) conducted by the Menzies School of Health Research. They must be well-characterized with confirmation of presence or absence of B. pseudomallei by bacterial culture.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Samples with volume <120 µL
• Samples collected during projects other than the HREC 04/09 project

Sera samples were collected between December 2014 and June 2018 for the "Assessment of a New Rapid Diagnostic Test for Melioidosis" study that was conducted by the Menzies School of Health Research in Darwin, Australia. Patients recruited during that study presented to the Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) with suspicion of melioidosis and consented to provide blood samples and to allow their use in diagnostic studies. Their samples are stored at -80°C in the Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases laboratory at the Menzies School of Health Research.