Safety Assessment of the Frequently Used Herbal Medicines at Inpatient Setting: a Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study
Safety Assessment of the Frequently Used Herbal Medicines at Inpatient Setting: a Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study
Prospective observations on safety of the herbal medicines regarding liver and kidney injuries at inpatient setting of four sites in South Korea which are located at each quadrant of the country. In a previous study (PMID 28634823), six women presented liver injuries by herbs and similar findings were also reported. That knowledge has been developed to design the observations of females (19-80 ages) at least 2 weeks' hospitalization with weekly routine lab tests to obtain the occurrence of liver or kidney injuries and the profiles on micro biomarkers throughout the hospitalization period, and then, the follow-up test will be conducted in outpatient setting.
Total 500 inpatients will be observed to assess safety of herbal medicines with the balance of 60 to 110 each site. After obtaining the informed consent from patient, blood draw and urine collection are conducted prior to intake of the herbal medicine, blood draw and urine collection are routinely done every week throughout the whole admission period. The primary outcomes are, 1) liver for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), RUCAM (in case of causality assessment when ALT≥3 upper normal limit) and new biomarker, mircoRNA-122 and 2) kidney for urine creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and new biomarker, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). The secondary outcomes are, 1) liver for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin and new biomarker, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and 2) kidney for serum creatinine and new biomarker, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The follow-up will be done by the study doctors based on their decision on the inpatient after discharge.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: