Underlying inflammation has been increasingly recognized in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF). But there is no study reported the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and HFpEF. In this study, investigators propose a scientific hypothesis that the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome is elevated in patients with HFpEF, and the level of TNFα, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome is lower in patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan.

The study will integrate data from two trials involving a total of 90 participants with heart failure. Depending on the using of ARNI, participants in HFpEF group will be divided into two groups. The diagnostic criteria for HFpEF is: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%； (2）with the symptoms and/or signs of heart failure; (3) BNP≥35 pg/mL and/or NTproBNP≥125 pg/mL; (4) at least one additional criterion: a.relevant structural heart disease(LVH and/or LAE); b.diastolic dysfunction. The primary outcome are the change from baseline in TNFα, IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, and so on assessed at 12 weeks. The key secondary outcomes include changes in echocardiographic measures, quality of life, etc. And then compare the rate of above indicators of two trials.

Inclusion Criteria:

• left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%；
• with the symptoms and/or signs of heart failure；
• BNP≥35 pg/mL and/or NTproBNP≥125 pg/mL；
• at least one additional criterion: relevant structural heart disease(LVH and/or LAE) or diastolic dysfunction.

Exclusion Criteria:

• LVEF less than 45% at any time;
• severe infection;
• ACS;
• pregnancy;
• eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, etc.

heart failure patients